महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-144, verse-17

तमाचार्यो महाराज विद्ध्वा पञ्चभिराशुगैः ।
पुनर्विव्याध विंशत्या पुत्राणां प्रियकृत्तव ॥१७॥

17. tamācāryo mahārāja viddhvā pañcabhirāśugaiḥ ,
punarvivyādha viṁśatyā putrāṇāṁ priyakṛttava.

17. tam ācāryaḥ mahārāja viddhvā pañcabhiḥ āśugaiḥ
punaḥ vivyādha viṃśatyā putrāṇām priyakṛt tava

17. mahārāja tava putrāṇām priyakṛt ācāryaḥ tam
pañcabhiḥ āśugaiḥ viddhvā punaḥ viṃśatyā vivyādha

17. O great king, your teacher, who acts for the welfare of your sons, first pierced him with five swift arrows, and then pierced him again with twenty.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the opponent) (him, that)

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the teacher Droṇa (teacher, preceptor, instructor)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative, addressing Dhritarashtra) (great king, emperor)

• विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced (having pierced, having struck, having wounded)

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (by five, with five)

• आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with swift arrows (by swift-moving ones, with arrows)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

• विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - with twenty (arrows) (by twenty, with twenty)

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - for your sons, of your sons (of sons, for sons)

• प्रियकृत् (priyakṛt) - one who acts for the welfare (of the sons) (benefactor, one who does what is dear or agreeable)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra) (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the opponent) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Masculine singular accusative of `tad`.

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the teacher Droṇa (teacher, preceptor, instructor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, instructor

Derived from root `car` with `ā` prefix, meaning one who makes others follow rules.

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular of `ācārya`.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative, addressing Dhritarashtra) (great king, emperor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Vocative singular of `mahārāja`.

विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced (having pierced, having struck, having wounded)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from root `vyadh` (to pierce) with suffix `-tvā`.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Absolutive form of `vyadh`.

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (by five, with five)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural of `pañcan`.

आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with swift arrows (by swift-moving ones, with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśuga

āśuga - swift-moving, arrow

Compound type : karmadhāraya (āśu+ga)

• āśu – swift, quick
  adjective
• ga – going, moving
  noun
  Agent noun
  Agent noun from root `gam`.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Instrumental plural of `āśuga`.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indeclinable adverb.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, Active voice of root `vyadh`.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - with twenty (arrows) (by twenty, with twenty)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental singular of `viṃśati`.

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - for your sons, of your sons (of sons, for sons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Genitive plural of `putra`.

प्रियकृत् (priyakṛt) - one who acts for the welfare (of the sons) (benefactor, one who does what is dear or agreeable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priyakṛt

priyakṛt - benefactor, doing what is dear

Agent noun

Compound of `priya` (dear) and `kṛt` (doing, making).

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (priya+kṛt)

• priya – dear, beloved, agreeable
  adjective
  Root: prī (class 9)
• kṛt – doing, making, causing
  adjective
  Agent suffix
  Formed from root `kṛ` (to do, make) with agent suffix `kvip`.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective for `ācāryaḥ`.

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Genitive singular of `yuṣmad`.