महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-143, verse-42

ततः प्रववृते युद्धं तव तेषां च भारत ।
निशीथे दारुणे काले यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम् ॥४२॥

42. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ tava teṣāṁ ca bhārata ,
niśīthe dāruṇe kāle yamarāṣṭravivardhanam.

42. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddham tava teṣām ca bhārata
niśīthe dāruṇe kāle yamarāṣṭravivardhanam

42. bhārata tataḥ niśīthe dāruṇe kāle
yamarāṣṭravivardhanam yuddham tava teṣām ca pravavṛte

42. Then, O descendant of Bharata (Bhārata), a battle commenced between your forces and theirs in the dreadful darkness of midnight, a conflict that expanded the dominion of Yama, the god of death.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it began, it arose, it commenced

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, combat, war

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• च (ca) - and, also

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• निशीथे (niśīthe) - at midnight, in the deep night

• दारुणे (dāruṇe) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

• काले (kāle) - at a time, in time

• यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम् (yamarāṣṭravivardhanam) - increasing the realm of Yama (god of death), expanding the dominion of death

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it began, it arose, it commenced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of pravṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Root vṛt (to turn) with upasarga pra.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, combat, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight) with suffix -ta.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Can function as a noun.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's side.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas' side.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a Bhārata

निशीथे (niśīthe) - at midnight, in the deep night

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niśītha

niśītha - midnight, deep night

दारुणे (dāruṇe) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, fierce, cruel

Note: Agreement with 'kāle'.

काले (kāle) - at a time, in time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, black

Note: Also refers to the god of death.

यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम् (yamarāṣṭravivardhanam) - increasing the realm of Yama (god of death), expanding the dominion of death

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yamarāṣṭravivardhana

yamarāṣṭravivardhana - increasing the realm of Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+rāṣṭra+vivardhana)

• yama – Yama (god of death), restraint
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, dominion
  noun (neuter)
• vivardhana – increasing, promoting, causing to grow
  adjective
  agent noun/verbal adjective
  Derived from root vṛdh (to grow) with upasarga vi and suffix -ana.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agreement with 'yuddham'.