महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-143, verse-12

स छिन्नधन्वा विरथो हताश्वो हतसारथिः ।
आरुरोह रथं तूर्णं हार्दिक्यस्य महात्मनः ॥१२॥

12. sa chinnadhanvā viratho hatāśvo hatasārathiḥ ,
āruroha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ hārdikyasya mahātmanaḥ.

12. saḥ chinna-dhanvā virathaḥ hatāśvaḥ hata-sārathiḥ
āruroha ratham tūrṇam hārdikyasya mahātmanaḥ

12. saḥ chinna-dhanvā virathaḥ hatāśvaḥ hata-sārathiḥ
tūrṇam mahātmanaḥ hārdikyasya ratham āruroha

12. With his bow broken, his chariot destroyed, his horses and charioteer killed, he quickly ascended the chariot of the great-souled Hārdikya.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• छिन्न-धन्वा (chinna-dhanvā) - whose bow was broken, with a broken bow

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot

• हताश्वः (hatāśvaḥ) - whose horses were killed, with killed horses

• हत-सारथिः (hata-sārathiḥ) - whose charioteer was killed, with a killed charioteer

• आरुरोह (āruroha) - ascended, mounted

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• हार्दिक्यस्य (hārdikyasya) - of Kṛtavarmā, son of Hṛdika (of Hārdikya)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the noble one

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

छिन्न-धन्वा (chinna-dhanvā) - whose bow was broken, with a broken bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinna-dhanvan

chinna-dhanvan - whose bow is broken

Bahuvrīhi compound: chinnaṃ dhanuḥ yasya saḥ (he whose bow is broken)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+dhanvan)

• chinna – cut, broken, severed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root chid (to cut)
  Root: chid (class 7)
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot

Bahuvrīhi compound: vigataḥ rathaḥ yasya saḥ (he from whom the chariot has departed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, free from (as a prefix for privation)
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

हताश्वः (hatāśvaḥ) - whose horses were killed, with killed horses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - whose horses are slain

Bahuvrīhi compound: hatāḥ aśvāḥ yasya saḥ (he whose horses are killed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, struck
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

हत-सारथिः (hata-sārathiḥ) - whose charioteer was killed, with a killed charioteer

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata-sārathi

hata-sārathi - whose charioteer is slain

Bahuvrīhi compound: hataḥ sārathiḥ yasya saḥ (he whose charioteer is killed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+sārathi)

• hata – killed, struck
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

आरुरोह (āruroha) - ascended, mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of ā-ruh

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage

हार्दिक्यस्य (hārdikyasya) - of Kṛtavarmā, son of Hṛdika (of Hārdikya)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hārdikya

hārdikya - descendant of Hṛdika, Kṛtavarmā

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the noble one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, illustrious (ātman)

Compound: mahā (great) + ātman (soul/self)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'Hārdikyasya'