महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-143, verse-39

तं दृष्ट्वा विरथं तत्र भ्रातरोऽस्य महारथाः ।
अन्ववर्तन्त वेगेन महत्या सेनया सह ॥३९॥

39. taṁ dṛṣṭvā virathaṁ tatra bhrātaro'sya mahārathāḥ ,
anvavartanta vegena mahatyā senayā saha.

39. tam dṛṣṭvā viratham tatra bhrātaraḥ asya
mahārathāḥ anvavartanta vegena mahatyā senayā saha

39. tatra tam viratham dṛṣṭvā asya mahārathāḥ
bhrātaraḥ mahatyā senayā saha vegena anvavartanta

39. Seeing him without his chariot there, his brothers, who were great warriors (mahārathas), quickly rallied around him with a large army.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• विरथम् (viratham) - chariot-less, without a chariot

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

• अस्य (asya) - his, of this

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (mahārathas) (great warriors, great chariot-fighters)

• अन्ववर्तन्त (anvavartanta) - they followed, they rallied around

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly, impetuously

• महत्या (mahatyā) - great, large

• सेनया (senayā) - with an army

• सह (saha) - with, together with

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma, as per context in Mahābhārata.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विरथम् (viratham) - chariot-less, without a chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariot-less, dismounted from a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agreement with 'tam'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

अस्य (asya) - his, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (mahārathas) (great warriors, great chariot-fighters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one capable of fighting many thousands of warriors single-handedly

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (by extension)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'bhrātaraḥ'.

अन्ववर्तन्त (anvavartanta) - they followed, they rallied around

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of anuvṛt

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Root vṛt (to turn) with upasargas anu and ava.

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly, impetuously

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse, force

महत्या (mahatyā) - great, large

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: Agreement with 'senayā'.

सेनया (senayā) - with an army

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs instrumental case 'senayā'.