महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-143, verse-25

तेनार्द्यमानाः समरे द्रवमाणाश्च सोमकाः ।
व्यराजन्त महाराज प्रदीपैरवभासिताः ॥२५॥

25. tenārdyamānāḥ samare dravamāṇāśca somakāḥ ,
vyarājanta mahārāja pradīpairavabhāsitāḥ.

25. tena ardyamānāḥ samare dravamāṇāḥ ca somakāḥ
vyarājanta mahārāja pradīpaiḥ avabhāsitāḥ

25. mahārāja tena samare ardyamāṇāḥ ca dravamāṇāḥ
somakāḥ pradīpaiḥ avabhāsitāḥ vyarājanta

25. O great king, the Somakas, being oppressed by him (Karṇa's son) in battle and fleeing, appeared splendid, as if illuminated by lamps.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - Refers to Karṇa's son (implied from the previous verse). (by him, by that)

• अर्द्यमानाः (ardyamānāḥ) - being oppressed, being afflicted

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• द्रवमाणाः (dravamāṇāḥ) - fleeing, running away

• च (ca) - and

• सोमकाः (somakāḥ) - the Somakas (a warrior clan)

• व्यराजन्त (vyarājanta) - they shone forth, they appeared splendid

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Used as an address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• प्रदीपैः (pradīpaiḥ) - by lamps, by lights

• अवभासिताः (avabhāsitāḥ) - illuminated, made to shine

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - Refers to Karṇa's son (implied from the previous verse). (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अर्द्यमानाः (ardyamānāḥ) - being oppressed, being afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardyamāna

ardyamāna - being tormented, being distressed, being hurt, being afflicted

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the causal form of root ṛd (to pain, afflict) + śānac (passive participle suffix).

Root: ṛd (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'somakāḥ'

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict, encounter

द्रवमाणाः (dravamāṇāḥ) - fleeing, running away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dravamāṇa

dravamāṇa - running, flowing, fleeing, moving rapidly

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root dru (to run, flow) + śānac (middle participle suffix).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'somakāḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सोमकाः (somakāḥ) - the Somakas (a warrior clan)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - a name of a people or clan, allied with the Pāṇḍavas

व्यराजन्त (vyarājanta) - they shone forth, they appeared splendid

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of √rāj

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice with prefix vi

महाराज (mahārāja) - Used as an address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

प्रदीपैः (pradīpaiḥ) - by lamps, by lights

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pradīpa

pradīpa - a lamp, light, any illuminating object

अवभासिताः (avabhāsitāḥ) - illuminated, made to shine

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avabhāsita

avabhāsita - illuminated, brightened, made visible

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the causal form of root bhās (to shine) with prefix ava + kta (PPP suffix).

Prefix: ava

Root: bhās (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'somakāḥ'