महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-143, verse-41

ततस्तु तावकाः सर्वे परिवार्य सुतं तव ।
अभ्यवर्तन्त संग्रामे महत्या सेनया वृताः ॥४१॥

41. tatastu tāvakāḥ sarve parivārya sutaṁ tava ,
abhyavartanta saṁgrāme mahatyā senayā vṛtāḥ.

41. tataḥ tu tāvakāḥ sarve parivārya sutam tava
abhyavartanta saṃgrāme mahatyā senayā vṛtāḥ

41. tataḥ tu sarve tāvakāḥ tava sutam parivārya
mahatyā senayā vṛtāḥ saṃgrāme abhyavartanta

41. Then, all your warriors (tāvakāḥ), encircling your son, advanced in the battle, enveloped by a vast army.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) sons/warriors (Kauravas) (your people, your warriors)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, entire

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, encircling

• सुतम् (sutam) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) son (Duryodhana or one of his brothers) (son)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they advanced against, they faced, they surrounded

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in the conflict

• महत्या (mahatyā) - great, large

• सेनया (senayā) - by an army

• वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) sons/warriors (Kauravas) (your people, your warriors)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your men

Derived from 'tava' (your) with suffix -ka.

Note: Often used as a collective noun for 'your party' or 'your sons'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, entire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agreement with 'tāvakāḥ'.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, encircling

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, encompass) with upasarga pari and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

सुतम् (sutam) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) son (Duryodhana or one of his brothers) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sū (to bear, produce).

Root: sū (class 2)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they advanced against, they faced, they surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyavṛt

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Root vṛt (to turn) with upasargas abhi and ava.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in the conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

महत्या (mahatyā) - great, large

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: Agreement with 'senayā'.

सेनया (senayā) - by an army

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, encompassed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, encompass) with suffix -ta.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agreement with 'tāvakāḥ sarve'.