महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-143, verse-2

नाकुलिश्चित्रसेनं तु नाराचेनार्दयद्भृशम् ।
स च तं प्रतिविव्याध दशभिर्निशितैः शरैः ॥२॥

2. nākuliścitrasenaṁ tu nārācenārdayadbhṛśam ,
sa ca taṁ prativivyādha daśabhirniśitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

2. nākuliḥ citrasenam tu nārācena ardayat bhṛśam
saḥ ca tam prativivyādha daśabhiḥ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ

2. nākuliḥ tu citrasenam nārācena bhṛśam ardayat.
ca saḥ daśabhiḥ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ tam prativivyādha.

2. But Nakula's son (Śatānīka) greatly tormented Citrasena with an iron arrow. And he (Citrasena), in turn, pierced him (Śatānīka) with ten sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• नाकुलिः (nākuliḥ) - Śatānīka (son of Nakula, Nakula's descendant)

• चित्रसेनम् (citrasenam) - Citrasena (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• नाराचेन (nārācena) - with an iron arrow, with a specific type of arrow

• अर्दयत् (ardayat) - tormented, struck, afflicted

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, severely

• सः (saḥ) - Citrasena (he)

• च (ca) - and

• तम् (tam) - Śatānīka (him)

• प्रतिविव्याध (prativivyādha) - struck back, pierced in return, counter-struck

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

नाकुलिः (nākuliḥ) - Śatānīka (son of Nakula, Nakula's descendant)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nākuli

nākuli - descendant of Nakula, son of Nakula

Taddhita derivation from Nakula.

Note: Refers to Śatānīka.

चित्रसेनम् (citrasenam) - Citrasena (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of citrasena

citrasena - Citrasena (name of a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Object of 'ardayat'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Indicates a contrast or continuation.

नाराचेन (nārācena) - with an iron arrow, with a specific type of arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nārāca

nārāca - an iron arrow, a particular kind of arrow

अर्दयत् (ardayat) - tormented, struck, afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ard

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice (causative of √ṛd or root √ard).

Root: ard (class 1)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, severely

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'ardayat'.

सः (saḥ) - Citrasena (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Citrasena.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

तम् (tam) - Śatānīka (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Note: Refers to Śatānīka.

प्रतिविव्याध (prativivyādha) - struck back, pierced in return, counter-struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vyadh

Perfect (liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefix: prati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root √śi (to sharpen) with upasarga ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: śi (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow