महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-143, verse-37

विरथः स तु धर्मात्मा धनुष्पाणिरवस्थितः ।
अयोधयत्तव सुतं किरञ्शरशतान्बहून् ॥३७॥

37. virathaḥ sa tu dharmātmā dhanuṣpāṇiravasthitaḥ ,
ayodhayattava sutaṁ kirañśaraśatānbahūn.

37. virathaḥ saḥ tu dharmātmā dhanuṣpāṇiḥ avasthitaḥ
ayodhayat tava sutam kiran śaraśatān bahūn

37. saḥ tu dharmātmā virathaḥ dhanuṣpāṇiḥ avasthitaḥ
tava sutam bahūn śaraśatān kiran ayodhayat

37. But that righteous-souled (dharma-ātman) warrior, dismounted and standing with a bow in hand, fought your son, showering many hundreds of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - charioless, dismounted

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the warrior who is now dismounted, the opponent of the attacker in the previous verse. (he, that (masculine))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, virtuous person

• धनुष्पाणिः (dhanuṣpāṇiḥ) - with a bow in hand, armed with a bow

• अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - stood, situated, established

• अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - he fought, he caused to fight

• तव (tava) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son. (your, of you)

• सुतम् (sutam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (e.g., Duryodhana). (son)

• किरन् (kiran) - Showering arrows. (scattering, showering)

• शरशतान् (śaraśatān) - hundreds of arrows

• बहून् (bahūn) - many, numerous

Words meanings and morphology

विरथः (virathaḥ) - charioless, dismounted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - deprived of a chariot, charioless

Compound ('vi' + 'ratha') meaning 'without a chariot'.

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, away (prefix indicating separation or negation)
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the warrior who is now dismounted, the opponent of the attacker in the previous verse. (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (pronoun)

Note: The subject of 'ayodhayat'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, virtuous person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose natural law (dharma) is the soul, righteous-souled, virtuous, pious

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – soul, self, essence, spirit, individual self
  noun (masculine)

धनुष्पाणिः (dhanuṣpāṇiḥ) - with a bow in hand, armed with a bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanuṣpāṇi

dhanuṣpāṇi - having a bow in hand, armed with a bow

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhanus+pāṇi)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - stood, situated, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - stood, established, situated, present

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ava-'.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - he fought, he caused to fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ayodhayat

Causal

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice of the causal form of root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

तव (tava) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son. (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

सुतम् (sutam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (e.g., Duryodhana). (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

From root 'sū' (to bear, to produce).

Root: sū (class 2)

किरन् (kiran) - Showering arrows. (scattering, showering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiran

kiran - scattering, showering, throwing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'kṛ' (to scatter, to throw).

Root: kṛ (class 6)

शरशतान् (śaraśatān) - hundreds of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaraśata

śaraśata - hundred arrows, hundreds of arrows

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+śata)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

बहून् (bahūn) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous

Note: Qualifies 'śaraśatān'.