महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-140, verse-40

स छिन्नधन्वा विरथः शीर्णवर्मा शरार्दितः ।
अपायासीद्रणात्तूर्णं धर्मपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ॥४०॥

40. sa chinnadhanvā virathaḥ śīrṇavarmā śarārditaḥ ,
apāyāsīdraṇāttūrṇaṁ dharmaputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

40. sa chinnadhanvā virathaḥ śīrṇavarmā śarārditaḥ
apāyāsīt raṇāt tūrṇam dharmaputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

40. sa chinnadhanvā virathaḥ śīrṇavarmā śarārditaḥ
dharmaputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ raṇāt tūrṇam apāyāsīt

40. With his bow broken, chariot-less, his armor shattered, and afflicted by arrows, Dharmaputra Yudhiṣṭhira swiftly withdrew from the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• छिन्नधन्वा (chinnadhanvā) - with his bow broken (with a broken bow)

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariot-less (without a chariot, chariot-less)

• शीर्णवर्मा (śīrṇavarmā) - with his armor shattered (with shattered armor)

• शरार्दितः (śarārditaḥ) - afflicted by arrows (afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows)

• अपायासीत् (apāyāsīt) - swiftly withdrew (went away, departed, retreated)

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle (from battle, from combat)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

• धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Dharmaputra (Yudhiṣṭhira) (son of Dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (steady in battle))

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject pronoun, refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

छिन्नधन्वा (chinnadhanvā) - with his bow broken (with a broken bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinnadhanvan

chinnadhanvan - having a broken bow

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+dhanvan)

• chinna – cut, broken, severed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root chid-
  Root: chid (class 7)
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies Dharmaputra Yudhiṣṭhira.

विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariot-less (without a chariot, chariot-less)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or lack
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Dharmaputra Yudhiṣṭhira.

शीर्णवर्मा (śīrṇavarmā) - with his armor shattered (with shattered armor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śīrṇavarman

śīrṇavarman - having shattered armor

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śīrṇa+varman)

• śīrṇa – shattered, broken, fallen
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śṛ-
  Root: śṛ (class 9)
• varman – armor, mail
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies Dharmaputra Yudhiṣṭhira.

शरार्दितः (śarārditaḥ) - afflicted by arrows (afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarārdita

śarārdita - afflicted by arrows

Compound adjective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ardita)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• ardita – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ard-
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Modifies Dharmaputra Yudhiṣṭhira.

अपायासीत् (apāyāsīt) - swiftly withdrew (went away, departed, retreated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of apāyās

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root yā- with upasargas apa- + ā-

Prefixes: apa+ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: From root yā (to go) with apa and ā.

रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle (from battle, from combat)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Note: Source of withdrawal.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tvar-

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Dharmaputra (Yudhiṣṭhira) (son of Dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of (the deity) Dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (steady in battle))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava), steady in battle

Compound noun (formed from yudhi + sthira)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Apposition to Dharmaputraḥ.