महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-140, verse-28

तस्य पार्थो धनुश्छित्त्वा हस्तावापं निकृत्य च ।
प्राहिणोन्निशितान्बाणान्पञ्च राजञ्शिलाशितान् ॥२८॥

28. tasya pārtho dhanuśchittvā hastāvāpaṁ nikṛtya ca ,
prāhiṇonniśitānbāṇānpañca rājañśilāśitān.

28. tasya pārthaḥ dhanuḥ chittvā hastāvāpam nikṛtya
ca prāhiṇot niśitān bāṇān pañca rājan śilāśitān

28. rājan pārthaḥ tasya dhanuḥ chittvā ca hastāvāpam
nikṛtya pañca niśitān śilāśitān bāṇān prāhiṇot

28. O King, Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira), having cut his (Mādhava's) bow and torn off his arm-guard, then sent forth five sharp, stone-whetted arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Mādhava/Kṛtavarmā) (his, of him, of that)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha, here referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, consistent with previous verses (Pārtha (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī); Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - his (Mādhava's) bow (bow)

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut/broken (the bow) (having cut, having broken)

• हस्तावापम् (hastāvāpam) - the arm-guard worn by the archer (bow-string protector, arm-guard, gauntlet)

• निकृत्य (nikṛtya) - having torn off (the arm-guard) (having cut off, having torn off)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he sent forth (he despatched, he sent forth, he threw)

• निशितान् (niśitān) - sharp, sharpened (sharpened, keen, pointed)

• बाणान् (bāṇān) - five sharpened arrows (arrows)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five (arrows) (five)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• शिलाशितान् (śilāśitān) - whetted on stone (whetted on stone, stone-sharpened)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Mādhava/Kṛtavarmā) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, referring to Mādhava/Kṛtavarmā.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha, here referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, consistent with previous verses (Pārtha (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī); Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); typically refers to Arjuna, but can apply to Yudhiṣṭhira or Bhīma

Patronymic derivation from Pṛthā.

Note: Subject of the actions.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - his (Mādhava's) bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Object of chittvā.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut/broken (the bow) (having cut, having broken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root chid- 'to cut' with suffix -tvā.

Root: chid (class 7)

हस्तावापम् (hastāvāpam) - the arm-guard worn by the archer (bow-string protector, arm-guard, gauntlet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hastāvāpa

hastāvāpa - bow-string protector, arm-guard, gauntlet (worn on the left arm)

Compound: hasta (hand/arm) + āvāpa (throwing into, receptacle; here, a covering).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hasta+āvāpa)

• hasta – hand, arm
  noun (masculine)
• āvāpa – throwing into, covering, receptacle
  noun (masculine)
  from ā- + vap- 'to throw'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vap (class 1)

Note: Object of nikṛtya.

निकृत्य (nikṛtya) - having torn off (the arm-guard) (having cut off, having torn off)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root kṛt- 'to cut' with upasarga ni- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛt (class 6)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the actions of cutting the bow and tearing the arm-guard.

प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he sent forth (he despatched, he sent forth, he threw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of prahi

Imperfect Active

Root hi- 'to send, throw' with upasarga pra-. The 'a' augment precedes 'hi'.

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Subject is Pārtha.

निशितान् (niśitān) - sharp, sharpened (sharpened, keen, pointed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, pointed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo/śi- 'to sharpen' with upasarga ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo/śi (class 4)

बाणान् (bāṇān) - five sharpened arrows (arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

पञ्च (pañca) - five (arrows) (five)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with bāṇān.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

शिलाशितान् (śilāśitān) - whetted on stone (whetted on stone, stone-sharpened)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śilāśita

śilāśita - whetted on stone, stone-sharpened

Past Passive Participle

Compound: śilā (stone) + āśita (sharpened).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+āśita)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• āśita – sharpened, made sharp
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from ā- + śi- 'to sharpen'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śi (class 4)