महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-140, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
वर्तमाने तथा रौद्रे रात्रियुद्धे विशां पते ।
सर्वभूतक्षयकरे धर्मपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vartamāne tathā raudre rātriyuddhe viśāṁ pate ,
sarvabhūtakṣayakare dharmaputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

1. saṃjaya uvāca vartamāne tathā raudre rātriyuddhe viśām
pate sarvabhūtakṣayakare dharmaputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

1. Saṃjaya said: O king (lord of men), while that dreadful night battle, causing the destruction of all beings, was ongoing, Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of natural law (dharma)...

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing (while being, existing, occurring, current, present)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, also, as well as

• रौद्रे (raudre) - dreadful, terrible, fierce, violent

• रात्रियुद्धे (rātriyuddhe) - in the night battle

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• सर्वभूतक्षयकरे (sarvabhūtakṣayakare) - causing the destruction of all beings

• धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of natural law (dharma))

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (a proper name, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root vac- (to speak).

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing (while being, existing, occurring, current, present)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, current, present, ongoing

Present Active Participle

From root vṛt- (to be, exist) + śānac suffix, declined in locative singular

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to rātriyuddhe.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, also, as well as

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an intensifier or connective here.

रौद्रे (raudre) - dreadful, terrible, fierce, violent

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of raudra

raudra - dreadful, terrible, fierce, violent

Note: Refers to rātriyuddhe.

रात्रियुद्धे (rātriyuddhe) - in the night battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rātriyuddha

rātriyuddha - night battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rātri+yuddha)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• yuddha – battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yudh- (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, inhabitants, subjects

Note: Genitive plural, referring to 'people' or 'subjects'.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

Note: Vocative singular, here used as an address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra ('O King').

सर्वभूतक्षयकरे (sarvabhūtakṣayakare) - causing the destruction of all beings

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sarvabhūtakṣayakara

sarvabhūtakṣayakara - causing the destruction of all beings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta+kṣayakara)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū- (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• kṣayakara – causing destruction, destructive
  adjective (masculine)
  From kṣaya (destruction) + kara (maker, doer)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Describes the night battle.

धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of Dharma (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, eldest Pāṇḍava)

Note: The subject of the sentence.