महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-140, verse-37

तमापतन्तं सहसा धर्मराजभुजच्युतम् ।
द्विधा चिच्छेद हार्दिक्यः कृतहस्तः स्मयन्निव ॥३७॥

37. tamāpatantaṁ sahasā dharmarājabhujacyutam ,
dvidhā ciccheda hārdikyaḥ kṛtahastaḥ smayanniva.

37. tam āpatantam sahasā dharmarājabhujacyutam
dvidhā ciccheda hārdikyaḥ kṛtahastaḥ smayan iva

37. hārdikyaḥ kṛtahastaḥ smayan iva sahasā
dharmarājabhujacyutam tam āpatantam dvidhā ciccheda

37. Hārdikya, a skilled archer, as if smiling, swiftly cut into two that approaching arrow which had been released from the arm of Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (arrow) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - flying towards (him), approaching (him) (approaching, falling towards, flying towards)

• सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly, instantly (suddenly, forcefully, quickly)

• धर्मराजभुजच्युतम् (dharmarājabhujacyutam) - released from the arm of Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (fallen from the arm of Dharmarāja)

• द्विधा (dvidhā) - into two (in two parts, in two ways)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - cut (it) (cut, split)

• हार्दिक्यः (hārdikyaḥ) - Hārdikya (Kṛtavarman) (Hārdikya)

• कृतहस्तः (kṛtahastaḥ) - skilled (in archery) (skilled, dexterous, trained in hand)

• स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling

• इव (iva) - as if (as if, like)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (arrow) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the missile/arrow.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - flying towards (him), approaching (him) (approaching, falling towards, flying towards)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling, flying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat- with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied arrow.

सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly, instantly (suddenly, forcefully, quickly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

धर्मराजभुजच्युतम् (dharmarājabhujacyutam) - released from the arm of Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (fallen from the arm of Dharmarāja)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarājabhujacyuta

dharmarājabhujacyuta - fallen/released from Dharmarāja's arm

Compound adjective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharmarāja+bhuja+cyuta)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• bhuja – arm
  noun (masculine)
• cyuta – fallen, dropped, released
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root cyu-
  Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied arrow. 'Dharmarāja' here refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

द्विधा (dvidhā) - into two (in two parts, in two ways)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - cut (it) (cut, split)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of chid

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: chid (class 7)

हार्दिक्यः (hārdikyaḥ) - Hārdikya (Kṛtavarman) (Hārdikya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hārdikya

hārdikya - son of Hṛdīka, Kṛtavarman

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कृतहस्तः (kṛtahastaḥ) - skilled (in archery) (skilled, dexterous, trained in hand)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtahasta

kṛtahasta - skilled, dexterous, trained in hand

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+hasta)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ-
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Hārdikyaḥ.

स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayat

smayat - smiling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root smi-

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Modifies Hārdikyaḥ.

इव (iva) - as if (as if, like)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.