महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-140, verse-4

तान्वयं प्रतिगर्जन्तः प्रत्युद्यातास्त्वमर्षिताः ।
यथाशक्ति यथोत्साहं यथासत्त्वं च संयुगे ॥४॥

4. tānvayaṁ pratigarjantaḥ pratyudyātāstvamarṣitāḥ ,
yathāśakti yathotsāhaṁ yathāsattvaṁ ca saṁyuge.

4. tān vayam pratigarjantaḥ pratyudyātāḥ tu amarṣitāḥ
yathāśakti yathotsāham yathāsattvam ca saṃyuge

4. But we (Kauravas), indignant and roaring back at them, advanced to confront them in battle with all our strength, enthusiasm, and courage.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• प्रतिगर्जन्तः (pratigarjantaḥ) - roaring back in response

• प्रत्युद्याताः (pratyudyātāḥ) - having advanced to meet, having confronted, having marched against

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• अमर्षिताः (amarṣitāḥ) - indignant, enraged, impatient

• यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to power, according to strength

• यथोत्साहम् (yathotsāham) - according to enthusiasm, as far as enthusiasm goes

• यथासत्त्वम् (yathāsattvam) - according to courage, according to inner strength

• च (ca) - and

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pañcālas and Somakas.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Refers to the Kauravas.

प्रतिगर्जन्तः (pratigarjantaḥ) - roaring back in response

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratigarjat

pratigarjat - roaring back, roaring in return

Present Active Participle

From root garj- (to roar) with prefix prati- (back, in return). Declined in nominative masculine plural.

Prefix: prati

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of 'we'.

प्रत्युद्याताः (pratyudyātāḥ) - having advanced to meet, having confronted, having marched against

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratyudyāta

pratyudyāta - advanced to meet, confronted

Past Passive Participle (used actively)

From root yā- (to go) with prefixes prati- (towards) and ud- (up, forth). Declined in nominative masculine plural.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies vayam.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects contrasting actions.

अमर्षिताः (amarṣitāḥ) - indignant, enraged, impatient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amarṣita

amarṣita - indignant, enraged, impatient, intolerant

Past Passive Participle

From root mṛṣ- (to endure) with negative prefix a- and desiderative suffix sa- (implied in the meaning 'unable to endure'). Or simply a derivative from amarṣa (indignation). Declined in nominative masculine plural.

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies vayam.

यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to power, according to strength

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+śakti)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• śakti – power, strength, ability
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Adverbial usage.

यथोत्साहम् (yathotsāham) - according to enthusiasm, as far as enthusiasm goes

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+utsāha)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, vigor
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

यथासत्त्वम् (yathāsattvam) - according to courage, according to inner strength

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+sattva)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• sattva – being, essence, courage, inner strength, goodness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Adverbial usage.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Locative of place.