महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-140, verse-35

ततस्तु पाण्डवो ज्येष्ठः खड्गचर्म समाददे ।
तदस्य निशितैर्बाणैर्व्यधमन्माधवो रणे ॥३५॥

35. tatastu pāṇḍavo jyeṣṭhaḥ khaḍgacarma samādade ,
tadasya niśitairbāṇairvyadhamanmādhavo raṇe.

35. tataḥ tu pāṇḍavaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ khaḍga-carma sam-ā-dade
tat asya niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ vi-adhamat mādhavaḥ raṇe

35. tataḥ tu jyeṣṭhaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ khaḍga-carma sam-ā-dade.
mādhavaḥ raṇe niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ asya tat vi-adhamat

35. Then, the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira) took up his sword and shield. But Madhava (Krishna), in the battle, struck down those (sword and shield) of his with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, moreover

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest son of Pāṇḍu (son of Pāṇḍu, a Pandava)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, chief, greatest

• खड्ग-चर्म (khaḍga-carma) - sword and shield

• सम्-आ-ददे (sam-ā-dade) - he took up, he seized

• तत् (tat) - that, those

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by sharpened

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• वि-अधमत् (vi-adhamat) - he struck down, he cut down

• माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Krishna (Madhava, descendant of Madhu (Krishna))

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, moreover

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest son of Pāṇḍu (son of Pāṇḍu, a Pandava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the Pāṇḍavas

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, chief, greatest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, principal

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavaḥ'.

खड्ग-चर्म (khaḍga-carma) - sword and shield

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of khaḍga-carma

khaḍga-carma - sword and shield

Compound type : dvandva (khaḍga+carma)

• khaḍga – sword
  noun (masculine)
• carma – hide, skin, shield
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'samādade'.

सम्-आ-ददे (sam-ā-dade) - he took up, he seized

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of samādā

Perfect (ātmanepada)

3rd person singular perfect middle voice form of root 'dā' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

तत् (tat) - that, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to 'khaḍga-carma'.

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira ('pāṇḍavaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ').

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by sharpened

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, acute

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śo' (or 'śā') with prefix 'ni' and suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Describes 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

वि-अधमत् (vi-adhamat) - he struck down, he cut down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vyadham

Imperfect

3rd person singular imperfect active voice form of root 'dham' with prefixes 'vi' and 'a'.

Prefixes: vi+a

Root: dham (class 1)

माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Krishna (Madhava, descendant of Madhu (Krishna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, name of Krishna

Note: Subject of 'vyadhamat'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight