महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-123, verse-9

द्विविधं कर्म शूराणां युद्धे जयपराजयौ ।
तौ चाप्यनित्यौ राधेय वासवस्यापि युध्यतः ॥९॥

9. dvividhaṁ karma śūrāṇāṁ yuddhe jayaparājayau ,
tau cāpyanityau rādheya vāsavasyāpi yudhyataḥ.

9. dvividham karma śūrāṇām yuddhe jaya-parājayau tau
ca api anityau rādheya vāsavasya api yudhyataḥ

9. rādheya śūrāṇām yuddhe karma dvividham jaya-parājayau.
tau api anityau vāsavasya api yudhyataḥ.

9. For heroes in battle, action (karma) is of two kinds: victory and defeat. And these two, O son of Rādhā, are impermanent, even for Indra (Vāsava) when he fights.

Words meanings summery:

• द्विविधम् (dvividham) - of two kinds, twofold

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, fate (karma)

• शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of heroes

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle

• जय-पराजयौ (jaya-parājayau) - victory and defeat

• तौ (tau) - these two, they two

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अनित्यौ (anityau) - impermanent, transient

• राधेय (rādheya) - O Karṇa (O son of Rādhā)

• वासवस्य (vāsavasya) - of Indra

• अपि (api) - also, even

• युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - of one fighting, while fighting

Words meanings and morphology

द्विविधम् (dvividham) - of two kinds, twofold

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvividha

dvividha - of two kinds, twofold, various

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+vidha)

• dvi – two
  numeral (neuter)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (neuter)

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, fate (karma)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, fate, ritual (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of heroes

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave man

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

जय-पराजयौ (jaya-parājayau) - victory and defeat

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jaya-parājaya

jaya-parājaya - victory and defeat

Compound type : dvandva (jaya+parājaya)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• parājaya – defeat, rout
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

तौ (tau) - these two, they two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अनित्यौ (anityau) - impermanent, transient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anitya

anitya - impermanent, transient, not eternal

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nitya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• nitya – permanent, eternal, constant
  adjective (masculine)

राधेय (rādheya) - O Karṇa (O son of Rādhā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (an epithet for Karṇa)

Patronymic suffix -eya added to Rādhā.

वासवस्य (vāsavasya) - of Indra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Indra (epithet: lord of the Vasus), relating to Vasu

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - of one fighting, while fighting

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting, warrior

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: yudh (class 4)