महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-123, verse-18

अर्जुनेन प्रतिज्ञाते वधे कर्णसुतस्य तु ।
महान्सुतुमुलः शब्दो बभूव रथिनां तदा ॥१८॥

18. arjunena pratijñāte vadhe karṇasutasya tu ,
mahānsutumulaḥ śabdo babhūva rathināṁ tadā.

18. arjunena pratijñāte vadhe karṇa-sutasya tu |
mahān su-tumulaḥ śabdaḥ babhūva rathinām tadā

18. arjunena karṇa-sutasya vadhe pratijñāte tu
tadā rathinām mahān su-tumulaḥ śabdaḥ babhūva

18. When Arjuna swore to kill Karna's son, a great and tumultuous roar arose from the charioteers at that moment.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• प्रतिज्ञाते (pratijñāte) - when the slaying was vowed (when promised, in the matter of the promise/vow)

• वधे (vadhe) - in the killing, about the slaying

• कर्ण-सुतस्य (karṇa-sutasya) - of Karna's son

• तु (tu) - but, and, indeed, however

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

• सु-तुमुलः (su-tumulaḥ) - very tumultuous, extremely agitated

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, noise, roar

• बभूव (babhūva) - there was, became, happened

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of the charioteers, of the warriors in chariots

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a proper name, lit. 'white, clear')

प्रतिज्ञाते (pratijñāte) - when the slaying was vowed (when promised, in the matter of the promise/vow)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pratijñāta

pratijñāta - promised, vowed, acknowledged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'prati' (back, in return, against).

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

वधे (vadhe) - in the killing, about the slaying

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, striking, destruction

From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 2)

कर्ण-सुतस्य (karṇa-sutasya) - of Karna's son

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of karṇasuta

karṇasuta - son of Karna

Compound type : Tatpurusha (Genitive Tatpurusha) (karṇa+suta)

• karṇa – Karna (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, born
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sū' (to beget, bring forth).
  Root: sū (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, and, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Agrees with 'śabdaḥ'.

सु-तुमुलः (su-tumulaḥ) - very tumultuous, extremely agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sutumula

sutumula - very tumultuous, greatly agitated, exceedingly noisy

Compound type : Tatpurusha (Avyayibhava prefix) (su+tumula)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• tumula – tumultuous, agitated, noisy, confused
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'śabdaḥ'.

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, noise, roar

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, speech

बभूव (babhūva) - there was, became, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of the charioteers, of the warriors in chariots

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot, possessing a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix '-in'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)