महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-123, verse-13

यस्मात्तु बहु रूक्षं च श्रावितस्ते वृकोदरः ।
परोक्षं यच्च सौभद्रो युष्माभिर्निहतो मम ॥१३॥

13. yasmāttu bahu rūkṣaṁ ca śrāvitaste vṛkodaraḥ ,
parokṣaṁ yacca saubhadro yuṣmābhirnihato mama.

13. yasmāt tu bahu rūkṣam ca śrāvitaḥ te vṛkodaraḥ
parokṣam yat ca saubhadraḥ yuṣmābhiḥ nihataḥ mama

13. yasmāt tu te vṛkodaraḥ bahu rūkṣam śrāvitaḥ ca
yat mama saubhadraḥ yuṣmābhiḥ parokṣam nihataḥ

13. Because it was by you that Vṛkodara (Bhīma) was made to hear many harsh words; and also because Saubhadra (Abhimanyu), my son, was killed by you all in my absence.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, from which

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

• बहु (bahu) - many, much

• रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel (words)

• च (ca) - and

• श्रावितः (śrāvitaḥ) - made to hear, caused to hear

• ते (te) - by you (instrumental, acting as agent in passive construction) (by you (instrumental), to you (dative), of you (genitive))

• वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Vṛkodara (Bhīma) (Vṛkodara)

• परोक्षम् (parokṣam) - in absence, behind the back, unseen

• यत् (yat) - that, which, because

• च (ca) - and

• सौभद्रः (saubhadraḥ) - Saubhadra (son of Subhadrā, Abhimanyu) (Saubhadra)

• युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you all (plural)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, from which

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

बहु (bahu) - many, much

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel (words)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, dry

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

श्रावितः (śrāvitaḥ) - made to hear, caused to hear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrāvita

śrāvita - made to hear, caused to hear

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative stem of root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

ते (te) - by you (instrumental, acting as agent in passive construction) (by you (instrumental), to you (dative), of you (genitive))

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Enclitic form of the second person pronoun

वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Vṛkodara (Bhīma) (Vṛkodara)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied; name of Bhīma

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)

परोक्षम् (parokṣam) - in absence, behind the back, unseen

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (para+akṣa)

• para – other, distant
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣa – eye, sight
  noun (neuter)

यत् (yat) - that, which, because

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सौभद्रः (saubhadraḥ) - Saubhadra (son of Subhadrā, Abhimanyu) (Saubhadra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu)

Derived from Subhadrā (mother's name) + aṇ suffix indicating offspring

युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you all (plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me