महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-110, verse-37

तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम भीमसेनस्य विक्रमम् ।
संवार्याधिरथिं बाणैर्यज्जघान तवात्मजान् ॥३७॥

37. tatrādbhutamapaśyāma bhīmasenasya vikramam ,
saṁvāryādhirathiṁ bāṇairyajjaghāna tavātmajān.

37. tatra adbhutam apaśyāma bhīmasenasya vikramam
saṃvārya adhirathiṃ bāṇaiḥ yat jaghāna tava ātmajān

37. tatra vayam bhīmasenasya adbhutam vikramam apaśyāma yat
(saḥ) bāṇaiḥ adhirathiṃ saṃvārya tava ātmajān jaghāna

37. In that moment, we witnessed the astonishing prowess of Bhimasena, who, after repelling Adhirathi (Karna) with his arrows, killed your sons.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that moment (there, in that place, in that situation)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (wonderful, astonishing, miraculous)

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we witnessed (we saw, we beheld)

• भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhimasena

• विक्रमम् (vikramam) - prowess (prowess, valor, might, courage)

• संवार्य (saṁvārya) - after repelling (having checked, having repelled, having restrained)

• अधिरथिं (adhirathiṁ) - Adhirathi (Karna) (Adhirathi (Karna), chief of charioteers)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• यत् (yat) - who (relative pronoun referring to Bhimasena's action) (which, that)

• जघान (jaghāna) - he killed (he killed, he struck, he destroyed)

• तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your (singular genitive/possessive))

• आत्मजान् (ātmajān) - sons (sons, offspring)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that moment (there, in that place, in that situation)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the battlefield situation.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (wonderful, astonishing, miraculous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, astonishing, marvellous, strange

Note: Qualifies vikramam.

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we witnessed (we saw, we beheld)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active

1st person plural imperfect active of √dṛś (class 1), often using the root paś- in present/imperfect tenses.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The speaker is Saṃjaya, reporting to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - name of Bhīma, the second of the Pāṇḍava brothers, known for his immense strength

Note: Possessive case for vikramam.

विक्रमम् (vikramam) - prowess (prowess, valor, might, courage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vikrama

vikrama - prowess, valor, courage, might, heroic stride

Derived from root √kram (to step, go) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: The object of apaśyāma.

संवार्य (saṁvārya) - after repelling (having checked, having repelled, having restrained)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √vṛ (to cover, restrain) with prefix sam-, forming an absolutive.

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: The action performed before killing the sons.

अधिरथिं (adhirathiṁ) - Adhirathi (Karna) (Adhirathi (Karna), chief of charioteers)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhirathi

adhirathi - chief of charioteers; son of Adhiratha (referring to Karna, foster son of Adhiratha)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+rathi)

• adhi – over, above, superior
  indeclinable
• rathi – charioteer; warrior fighting from a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: The object of saṃvārya.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: The means of repelling.

यत् (yat) - who (relative pronoun referring to Bhimasena's action) (which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Note: Introduces a clause explaining the 'astonishing prowess'.

जघान (jaghāna) - he killed (he killed, he struck, he destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of √han (class 2)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The action of killing.

तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your (singular genitive/possessive))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons.

आत्मजान् (ātmajān) - sons (sons, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ātmaja

ātmaja - self-born, son, daughter, offspring

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root √jan (to be born, produce).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The objects killed by Bhimasena.