महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-110, verse-20

दृष्ट्वा भ्रातॄन्हतान्युद्धे भीमसेनेन दंशितान् ।
आत्मापराधात्सुमहन्नूनं तप्यति पुत्रकः ॥२०॥

20. dṛṣṭvā bhrātṝnhatānyuddhe bhīmasenena daṁśitān ,
ātmāparādhātsumahannūnaṁ tapyati putrakaḥ.

20. dṛṣṭvā bhrātṝn hatān yuddhe bhīmasenena daṃśitān
ātmaparādhāt sumahat nūnam tapyati putrakah

20. putrakah yuddhe bhīmasenena daṃśitān hatān
bhrātṝn dṛṣṭvā ātmaparādhāt nūnam sumahat tapyati

20. Having seen his brothers, fiercely assailed and slain in battle by Bhīmasena, that son (Duryodhana) surely suffers immensely due to his own great offense.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - his (Duryodhana's) brothers (brothers)

• हतान् (hatān) - slain (killed, slain)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena

• दंशितान् (daṁśitān) - fiercely assailed (bitten, stung, attacked, destroyed)

• आत्मपराधात् (ātmaparādhāt) - due to his own great offense (from one's own fault, due to one's own offense)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - immensely (modifying tapyati) (very great, immense; greatly, immensely)

• नूनम् (nūnam) - surely (surely, certainly, indeed, perhaps)

• तप्यति (tapyati) - he suffers (he suffers, is distressed, repents)

• पुत्रकह् (putrakah) - that son (Duryodhana, implying a scornful or pitying tone) (little son, son (derogatory/diminutive or simply referring to the son))

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle indicating a completed action before the main verb. From root dṛś (class 1).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form.

भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - his (Duryodhana's) brothers (brothers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

हतान् (hatān) - slain (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root han.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with bhrātṝn.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava, also Bhīma)

Note: Agent of hatān and daṃśitān.

दंशितान् (daṁśitān) - fiercely assailed (bitten, stung, attacked, destroyed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of daṃśita

daṁśita - bitten, stung; attacked, assailed, injured

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root daṃś.

Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bhrātṝn.

आत्मपराधात् (ātmaparādhāt) - due to his own great offense (from one's own fault, due to one's own offense)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ātmaparādha

ātmaparādha - one's own fault, self-offense

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+aparādha)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the true nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• aparādha – offense, fault, transgression
  noun (masculine)
  From apa + rādh.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: rādh (class 4)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - immensely (modifying tapyati) (very great, immense; greatly, immensely)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective

Note: Functions adverbially here.

नूनम् (nūnam) - surely (surely, certainly, indeed, perhaps)

(indeclinable)

तप्यति (tapyati) - he suffers (he suffers, is distressed, repents)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tap

Present Active

3rd person singular, Present Tense, Parasmaipada (active voice). From root tap (class 4).

Root: tap (class 4)

Note: Used intransitively for suffering.

पुत्रकह् (putrakah) - that son (Duryodhana, implying a scornful or pitying tone) (little son, son (derogatory/diminutive or simply referring to the son))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - little son, son (diminutive/affectionate/derogatory)

Diminutive or affectionate form of putra.

Note: Subject of tapyati.