महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-110, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
दैवमेव परं मन्ये धिक्पौरुषमनर्थकम् ।
यत्राधिरथिरायस्तो नातरत्पाण्डवं रणे ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
daivameva paraṁ manye dhikpauruṣamanarthakam ,
yatrādhirathirāyasto nātaratpāṇḍavaṁ raṇe.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca daivam eva param manye dhik pauruṣam
anarthakam yatra ādhirathiḥ āyastaḥ na atarat pāṇḍavam raṇe

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca aham daivam eva param manye yatra ādhirathiḥ āyastaḥ raṇe pāṇḍavam na atarat,
(tatra) anarthakam pauruṣam dhik.

1. Dhritarashtra said: I consider destiny alone to be supreme; shame on useless human effort! For Adhirathi's son (Karṇa), though distressed, could not overcome the Pāṇḍava (Bhima) in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra, the blind king (Dhritarashtra (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• दैवम् (daivam) - destiny, fate (destiny, fate, divine will, relating to gods)

• एव (eva) - alone, only (only, alone, indeed, certainly)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• मन्ये (manye) - I consider (I consider, I think, I believe)

• धिक् (dhik) - shame on (fie on, shame on, woe to)

• पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - human effort, valor (human effort, manliness, valor, energy)

• अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - useless, fruitless (useless, meaningless, fruitless, in vain)

• यत्र (yatra) - in a situation where, for (where, in which, in which case)

• आधिरथिः (ādhirathiḥ) - Karṇa (who was adopted by Adhiratha) (son of Adhiratha (Karṇa))

• आयस्तः (āyastaḥ) - distressed, troubled (wearied, troubled, distressed, exerted, strained)

• न (na) - not

• अतरत् (atarat) - could not overcome (he crossed, he overcame, he passed over)

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pāṇḍava (Bhima) (descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra, the blind king (Dhritarashtra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name); lit. 'he who holds the kingdom'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb indicating speech.

दैवम् (daivam) - destiny, fate (destiny, fate, divine will, relating to gods)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - destiny, fate, divine will, relating to gods

Derived from deva (god).

Note: Object of 'manye'.

एव (eva) - alone, only (only, alone, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that destiny is *the only* supreme factor.

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, greatest, other

Note: Predicative adjective for 'daivam'.

मन्ये (manye) - I consider (I consider, I think, I believe)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present middle 1st singular.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Expresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra's opinion.

धिक् (dhik) - shame on (fie on, shame on, woe to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses strong disapproval.

पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - human effort, valor (human effort, manliness, valor, energy)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - human effort, manliness, valor, energy, virility

Derived from puruṣa.

Note: Refers to individual heroic exertion.

अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - useless, fruitless (useless, meaningless, fruitless, in vain)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anarthaka

anarthaka - useless, meaningless, fruitless, in vain

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+arthaka)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• arthaka – having meaning, useful, serving a purpose
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Describes the quality of human effort.

यत्र (yatra) - in a situation where, for (where, in which, in which case)

(indeclinable)

आधिरथिः (ādhirathiḥ) - Karṇa (who was adopted by Adhiratha) (son of Adhiratha (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ādhirathi

ādhirathi - son of Adhiratha

Derived from Adhiratha with -i suffix.

Note: Subject of 'atarat'.

आयस्तः (āyastaḥ) - distressed, troubled (wearied, troubled, distressed, exerted, strained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyasta

āyasta - wearied, troubled, distressed, exerted, strained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yam with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Describes Karṇa's state.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अतरत् (atarat) - could not overcome (he crossed, he overcame, he passed over)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tṛ

Imperfect active 3rd singular.

Prefix: a

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the subordinate clause.

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pāṇḍava (Bhima) (descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic derived from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Object of 'atarat'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the location of the inability to overcome.