महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-108, verse-3

स कथं पाण्डवं युद्धे भ्राजमानमिव श्रिया ।
नातरत्संयुगे तात तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥३॥

3. sa kathaṁ pāṇḍavaṁ yuddhe bhrājamānamiva śriyā ,
nātaratsaṁyuge tāta tanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

3. saḥ katham pāṇḍavam yuddhe bhrājamānam iva śriyā
| na atarat saṃyuge tāta tat mama ācakṣva saṃjaya

3. saṃjaya,
tāta,
tat mama ācakṣva saḥ śriyā bhrājamānam iva pāṇḍavam yuddhe saṃyuge katham na atarat?

3. Sanjaya, dear one (tāta), explain this to me: How is it that Karna did not overcome the Pāṇḍava, who was shining with splendor as if radiating light, in that combat (saṃyuga)?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Karna (he)

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Bhimasena (a Pāṇḍava) (the Pandava)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle

• भ्राजमानम् (bhrājamānam) - shining, splendid, radiant

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• श्रिया (śriyā) - with splendor, by glory

• न (na) - not

• अतरत् (atarat) - he crossed, he overcame

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in combat, in battle

• तात (tāta) - dear one (Dhritarashtra addressing Sanjaya) (dear one, dear son, father)

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• मम (mama) - to me, for me, my

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain, relate

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Karna (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Bhimasena (a Pāṇḍava) (the Pandava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu, a Pandava

Derived from Pāṇḍu with the suffix -a denoting 'descendant'

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

भ्राजमानम् (bhrājamānam) - shining, splendid, radiant

(present active participle)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

श्रिया (śriyā) - with splendor, by glory

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - splendor, glory, prosperity, wealth, beauty, goddess Lakṣmī

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अतरत् (atarat) - he crossed, he overcame

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of tṛ

Aorist/Imperfect tense

Root tṛ (class 1), aorist (luṅ) or imperfect (laṅ) 3rd person singular active

Root: tṛ (class 1)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in combat, in battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - combat, battle, encounter

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

तात (tāta) - dear one (Dhritarashtra addressing Sanjaya) (dear one, dear son, father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear one, father, son, an affectionate address

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

मम (mama) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Can also be genitive 'my', but here functions as dative 'to me'.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Imperative Mood

Root cakṣ with prefix ā, imperative (loṭ) 2nd person singular middle voice

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahabharata)