महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-108, verse-16

संजय उवाच ।
शृणु राजन्यथा वृत्तः संग्रामः कर्णभीमयोः ।
परस्परवधप्रेप्स्वोर्वने कुञ्जरयोरिव ॥१६॥

16. saṁjaya uvāca ,
śṛṇu rājanyathā vṛttaḥ saṁgrāmaḥ karṇabhīmayoḥ ,
parasparavadhaprepsvorvane kuñjarayoriva.

16. sañjaya uvāca śṛṇu rājan yathā vṛttaḥ saṅgrāmaḥ
karṇabhīmayoḥ parasparavadhaprepṣvoḥ vane kuñjarayoḥ iva

16. sañjaya uvāca rājan śṛṇu yathā parasparavadhaprepṣvoḥ
vane kuñjarayoḥ iva karṇabhīmayoḥ saṅgrāmaḥ vṛttaḥ

16. Sañjaya said: O King, listen to how the battle between Karṇa and Bhīma, both eager to kill each other, unfolded, just like two elephants in a forest.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The speaker, Sañjaya. (Sañjaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, just as

• वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - happened, occurred, transpired, fought

• सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, combat, war

• कर्णभीमयोः (karṇabhīmayoḥ) - of Karṇa and Bhīma

• परस्परवधप्रेप्ष्वोः (parasparavadhaprepṣvoḥ) - desirous of killing each other

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in a grove

• कुञ्जरयोः (kuñjarayoḥ) - of two elephants

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The speaker, Sañjaya. (Sañjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (proper name), victory

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice. Root vac (2nd class irregular).

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice. Root śru (5th class).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

यथा (yathā) - how, as, just as

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a clause explaining 'how'.

वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - happened, occurred, transpired, fought

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - happened, occurred, taken place, behaved

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt 'to be, exist, happen'

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, combat, war

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, encounter, conflict

From sam + kram 'to go' (often implying assembling, hence battle)

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (sam+grāma)

• sam – together, with
  indeclinable
  preverb/prefix
• grāma – village, host, multitude, array
  noun (masculine)
  From root gram 'to go, move' (often implying assembling)

Note: The subject of the clause introduced by yathā.

कर्णभीमयोः (karṇabhīmayoḥ) - of Karṇa and Bhīma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of karṇabhīma

karṇabhīma - Karṇa and Bhīma

Compound type : dvandva (karṇa+bhīma)

• karṇa – Karṇa (proper name), ear
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhīma – Bhīma (proper name), terrible
  proper noun (masculine)
  From root bhī 'to fear'
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Shows possession or relation to saṅgrāmaḥ.

परस्परवधप्रेप्ष्वोः (parasparavadhaprepṣvoḥ) - desirous of killing each other

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of parasparavadhaprepṣu

parasparavadhaprepṣu - desirous of mutual slaughter, eager for killing each other

desiderative adjective

From paraspara + vadha + desiderative adjective from pra + root āp 'to obtain'

Compound type : tatpurusha (paraspara+vadha+prepṣu)

• paraspara – mutual, reciprocal, each other
  adjective (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaughter
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From root vadh 'to strike, kill'
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• prepṣu – desirous of obtaining
  adjective (masculine)
  desiderative adjective
  From pra + root āp 'to obtain', with desiderative suffix -san and agent suffix -u
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies Karṇa and Bhīma.

वने (vane) - in the forest, in a grove

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

कुञ्जरयोः (kuñjarayoḥ) - of two elephants

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

Born in a cave/recess (kuñja + ra)

Note: Part of the simile 'like two elephants'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

Note: Follows the noun/phrase it compares.