महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38, verse-8

अपकृत्वा बुद्धिमतो दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत् ।
दीर्घौ बुद्धिमतो बाहू याभ्यां हिंसति हिंसितः ॥८॥

8. apakṛtvā buddhimato dūrastho'smīti nāśvaset ,
dīrghau buddhimato bāhū yābhyāṁ hiṁsati hiṁsitaḥ.

8. apakṛtvā buddhimataḥ dūrasthaḥ asmi iti na āśvaset
| dīrghau buddhimataḥ bāhū yābhyāṃ hiṃsati hiṃsitaḥ

8. One should not feel secure after harming a wise person, thinking, 'I am far away.' The arms of a wise person are long; with them, the injured one eventually harms the injurer.

Words meanings summery:

• अपकृत्वा (apakṛtvā) - having harmed, having done wrong

• बुद्धिमतः (buddhimataḥ) - of a wise person, of one endowed with intelligence

• दूरस्थः (dūrasthaḥ) - standing far off, far away

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (introduces direct speech)

• न (na) - not, no

• आश्वसेत् (āśvaset) - one should trust, should feel secure

• दीर्घौ (dīrghau) - long (dual)

• बुद्धिमतः (buddhimataḥ) - of a wise person

• बाहू (bāhū) - two arms

• याभ्यां (yābhyāṁ) - by which two (arms)

• हिंसति (hiṁsati) - he harms, he injures

• हिंसितः (hiṁsitaḥ) - the harmed one, the injured one

Words meanings and morphology

अपकृत्वा (apakṛtvā) - having harmed, having done wrong

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From 'apa-kṛ' (to harm, do wrong) with suffix 'ktvā'.

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

बुद्धिमतः (buddhimataḥ) - of a wise person, of one endowed with intelligence

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, sagacious

Possessive suffix 'matup'

From 'buddhi' (intellect) + 'matup' (possessive suffix).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bāhū' (implicitly, as their possessor).

दूरस्थः (dūrasthaḥ) - standing far off, far away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dūrastha

dūrastha - standing afar, far-off, remote

Tatpurusha compound: 'dūra' (far) + 'stha' (standing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dūra+stha)

• dūra – far, distant, remote
  adjective (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, dwelling
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from sthā
  From root 'sthā' (to stand) with suffix 'a'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'asmi' (implied 'I').

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative

From root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of the direct speech.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (introduces direct speech)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'āśvaset'.

आश्वसेत् (āśvaset) - one should trust, should feel secure

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of āśvas

Optative Active

From 'ā-śvas' (to breathe freely, be confident).

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: The negation 'na āśvaset' means "one should not feel secure".

दीर्घौ (dīrghau) - long (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extensive, tall

Note: Qualifies 'bāhū'.

बुद्धिमतः (buddhimataḥ) - of a wise person

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, sagacious

Possessive suffix 'matup'

From 'buddhi' (intellect) + 'matup' (possessive suffix).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bāhū' (implicitly, as their possessor).

बाहू (bāhū) - two arms

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm, fore-arm

Note: Subject of the second clause.

याभ्यां (yābhyāṁ) - by which two (arms)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Instrumental dual, referring to the two arms as instruments.

हिंसति (hiṁsati) - he harms, he injures

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hiṃs

Present Active Indicative

From root 'hiṃs' (to injure)

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: The subject is 'hiṃsitaḥ'.

हिंसितः (hiṁsitaḥ) - the harmed one, the injured one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hiṃsita

hiṁsita - harmed, injured, hurt

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hiṃs' (to injure).

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Acts as the subject of 'hiṃsati', implying that the injured party retaliates.