महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38, verse-5

अविक्रेयं लवणं पक्वमन्नं दधि क्षीरं मधु तैलं घृतं च ।
तिला मांसं मूलफलानि शाकं रक्तं वासः सर्वगन्धा गुडश्च ॥५॥

5. avikreyaṁ lavaṇaṁ pakvamannaṁ; dadhi kṣīraṁ madhu tailaṁ ghṛtaṁ ca ,
tilā māṁsaṁ mūlaphalāni śākaṁ; raktaṁ vāsaḥ sarvagandhā guḍaśca.

5. avikreyaṃ lavaṇaṃ pakvam annaṃ
dadhi kṣīraṃ madhu tailaṃ ghṛtaṃ ca
| tilāḥ māṃsaṃ mūlaphalāni śākaṃ
raktaṃ vāsaḥ sarvagandhāḥ guḍaḥ ca

5. Salt, cooked food, yogurt, milk, honey, oil, and ghee are not to be sold; nor are sesame seeds, meat, roots, fruits, vegetables, red cloth, garments, all kinds of perfumes, and jaggery.

Words meanings summery:

• अविक्रेयं (avikreyaṁ) - not to be sold, unsalable

• लवणं (lavaṇaṁ) - salt

• पक्वम् (pakvam) - cooked, ripe

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

• दधि (dadhi) - yogurt, curds

• क्षीरं (kṣīraṁ) - milk

• मधु (madhu) - honey

• तैलं (tailaṁ) - oil

• घृतं (ghṛtaṁ) - ghee, clarified butter

• च (ca) - and, also

• तिलाः (tilāḥ) - sesame seeds

• मांसं (māṁsaṁ) - meat, flesh

• मूलफलानि (mūlaphalāni) - roots and fruits

• शाकं (śākaṁ) - vegetable, herb

• रक्तं (raktaṁ) - red (cloth), dyed red

• वासः (vāsaḥ) - garment, cloth

• सर्वगन्धाः (sarvagandhāḥ) - all perfumes, all scents

• गुडः (guḍaḥ) - jaggery, unrefined sugar

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

अविक्रेयं (avikreyaṁ) - not to be sold, unsalable

(adjective)

neuter, singular of avikreya

avikreya - not to be sold, unsalable, prohibited from sale

Gerundive

Formed from 'vi-kṛ' (to sell) with suffix 'eya' (denoting possibility/fitness) and negative prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vikreya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vikreya – to be sold, salable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From 'vi-kṛ' (to sell) with suffix 'eya'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can be nominative or accusative, but in a list like this, often treated as a nominative predicate.

लवणं (lavaṇaṁ) - salt

(noun)

neuter, singular of lavaṇa

lavaṇa - salt, saline

पक्वम् (pakvam) - cooked, ripe

(adjective)

neuter, singular of pakva

pakva - cooked, ripe, mature

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pac' (to cook, ripen)

Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'annam'.

अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

(noun)

neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, rice

Sometimes considered P.P.P. of 'ad' (to eat) but often treated as a noun.

Root: ad (class 2)

दधि (dadhi) - yogurt, curds

(noun)

neuter, singular of dadhi

dadhi - yogurt, curds, coagulated milk

क्षीरं (kṣīraṁ) - milk

(noun)

neuter, singular of kṣīra

kṣīra - milk, milky juice of plants

मधु (madhu) - honey

(noun)

neuter, singular of madhu

madhu - honey, sweet drink, intoxicating liquor

तैलं (tailaṁ) - oil

(noun)

neuter, singular of taila

taila - oil (especially sesame oil), unguent

From 'tila' (sesame) + 'aṇ' (denoting origin)

घृतं (ghṛtaṁ) - ghee, clarified butter

(noun)

neuter, singular of ghṛta

ghṛta - ghee, clarified butter, water (rare)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ghṛ' (to sprinkle, shine)

Root: ghṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तिलाः (tilāḥ) - sesame seeds

(noun)

masculine, plural of tila

tila - sesame seed, a particular measure

मांसं (māṁsaṁ) - meat, flesh

(noun)

neuter, singular of māṃsa

māṁsa - meat, flesh

मूलफलानि (mūlaphalāni) - roots and fruits

(noun)

neuter, plural of mūlaphala

mūlaphala - roots and fruits

Dvandva compound of 'mūla' (root) and 'phala' (fruit).

Compound type : dvandva (mūla+phala)

• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

शाकं (śākaṁ) - vegetable, herb

(noun)

neuter, singular of śāka

śāka - vegetable, herb, pot-herb

Root: śak (class 5)

रक्तं (raktaṁ) - red (cloth), dyed red

(adjective)

neuter, singular of rakta

rakta - red, dyed red, colored, attached to

Past Passive Participle

From root 'rañj' (to color, delight)

Root: rañj (class 1)

वासः (vāsaḥ) - garment, cloth

(noun)

neuter, singular of vāsas

vāsas - garment, clothes, dwelling, abode

From root 'vas' (to wear)

Root: vas (class 2)

सर्वगन्धाः (sarvagandhāḥ) - all perfumes, all scents

(noun)

masculine, plural of sarvagandha

sarvagandha - all perfumes, various fragrant substances

Tatpurusha compound: 'sarva' (all) + 'gandha' (scent, perfume).

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (sarva+gandha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• gandha – smell, odor, perfume, fragrance
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'gandh' (to smell)
  Root: gandh (class 10)

गुडः (guḍaḥ) - jaggery, unrefined sugar

(noun)

masculine, singular of guḍa

guḍa - jaggery, sugar (unrefined), ball, globe

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

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