महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38, verse-10

अनीर्ष्युर्गुप्तदारः स्यात्संविभागी प्रियंवदः ।
श्लक्ष्णो मधुरवाक्स्त्रीणां न चासां वशगो भवेत् ॥१०॥

10. anīrṣyurguptadāraḥ syātsaṁvibhāgī priyaṁvadaḥ ,
ślakṣṇo madhuravākstrīṇāṁ na cāsāṁ vaśago bhavet.

10. anīrṣyuḥ guptadāraḥ syāt saṃvibhāgī priyaṃvadaḥ
ślakṣṇaḥ madhuravāk strīṇām na ca āsām vaśagaḥ bhavet

10. A man should be free from jealousy, protect his wife, be generous, and speak pleasantly. He should be gentle and sweet-spoken towards women, but he should not become subservient to them.

Words meanings summery:

• अनीर्ष्युः (anīrṣyuḥ) - not jealous, free from envy

• गुप्तदारः (guptadāraḥ) - one whose wife is protected/chaste, respectful of wife

• स्यात् (syāt) - he should be, may be

• संविभागी (saṁvibhāgī) - sharing, generous

• प्रियंवदः (priyaṁvadaḥ) - speaking pleasantly, sweet-tongued

• श्लक्ष्णः (ślakṣṇaḥ) - smooth, gentle, polite

• मधुरवाक् (madhuravāk) - sweet-spoken

• स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women, towards women

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• आसाम् (āsām) - of them (feminine)

• वशगः (vaśagaḥ) - subservient, under control

• भवेत् (bhavet) - one should become, may become

Words meanings and morphology

अनीर्ष्युः (anīrṣyuḥ) - not jealous, free from envy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anīrṣyu

anīrṣyu - not jealous, not envious

Negative prefix 'a-' + īrṣyu (jealous).

गुप्तदारः (guptadāraḥ) - one whose wife is protected/chaste, respectful of wife

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guptadāra

guptadāra - one whose wife is guarded/protected

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'gupta' (protected) + 'dāra' (wife).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gupta+dāra)

• gupta – protected, guarded, hidden
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gup (to protect, to hide).
  Root: √gup (class 1)
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, plural in Sanskrit when referring to 'wife' as a singular concept.

Note: Refers to a man whose wife is protected/chaste.

स्यात् (syāt) - he should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root √as.

Root: √as (class 2)

संविभागी (saṁvibhāgī) - sharing, generous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvibhāgin

saṁvibhāgin - sharing, participating, generous

Agent noun from √bhaj with prefixes sam- and vi-.

Prefixes: sam+vi

Root: √bhaj (class 1)

प्रियंवदः (priyaṁvadaḥ) - speaking pleasantly, sweet-tongued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priyaṃvada

priyaṁvada - speaking kindly/pleasantly, sweet-spoken

Compound 'priya' (dear/pleasant) + 'vada' (speaking).

Compound type : tatpurusha (priya+vada)

• priya – dear, pleasant, beloved
  adjective
• vada – speaking, speaker
  adjective
  From root √vad (to speak).
  Root: √vad (class 1)

श्लक्ष्णः (ślakṣṇaḥ) - smooth, gentle, polite

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ślakṣṇa

ślakṣṇa - smooth, gentle, polite, soft

मधुरवाक् (madhuravāk) - sweet-spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhuravāc

madhuravāc - sweet-spoken, having a sweet voice

Compound 'madhura' (sweet) + 'vāc' (speech).

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhura+vāc)

• madhura – sweet, pleasant
  adjective
• vāc – speech, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine noun from root √vac (to speak).
  Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Final 'c' becomes 'k' in word-final position due to sandhi.

स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women, towards women

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, wife

Feminine noun.

Note: Used here in the sense of 'towards'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आसाम् (āsām) - of them (feminine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'women'.

वशगः (vaśagaḥ) - subservient, under control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaśaga

vaśaga - submissive, subservient, under control

Compound 'vaśa' (control, power) + 'ga' (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaśa+ga)

• vaśa – will, power, control
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun.
• ga – going, moving
  adjective
  From root √gam (to go) with suffix '-a'.
  Root: √gam (class 1)

भवेत् (bhavet) - one should become, may become

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root √bhū.

Root: √bhū (class 1)