महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38, verse-1

विदुर उवाच ।
ऊर्ध्वं प्राणा ह्युत्क्रामन्ति यूनः स्थविर आयति ।
प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्यां पुनस्तान्प्रतिपद्यते ॥१॥

1. vidura uvāca ,
ūrdhvaṁ prāṇā hyutkrāmanti yūnaḥ sthavira āyati ,
pratyutthānābhivādābhyāṁ punastānpratipadyate.

1. vidura uvāca ūrdhvam prāṇāḥ hi utkramanti yūnaḥ sthavire
āyati pratyutthānābhivādābhyām punaḥ tān pratipadyate

1. Vidura said: When an elder approaches, the life breaths (prāṇa) of a young person indeed tend to rise upwards; however, by standing up and offering salutations, one recovers them again.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुर (vidura) - Vidura, a wise minister in the Mahabharata (Vidura)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, above

• प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - the vital life energies (prāṇa) within the body (life breaths, vital airs, life forces)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• उत्क्रमन्ति (utkramanti) - they rise up, they depart

• यूनः (yūnaḥ) - from a young person (of a young man, from a young man)

• स्थविरे (sthavire) - when an elder is present or approaching (in an elder, to an elder)

• आयति (āyati) - when (an elder) approaches (in the coming, in the approaching)

• प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्याम् (pratyutthānābhivādābhyām) - by rising and saluting, by standing up and greeting

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

• तान् (tān) - those (life breaths, prāṇa) (them (masculine plural accusative))

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - one obtains, one recovers

Words meanings and morphology

विदुर (vidura) - Vidura, a wise minister in the Mahabharata (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd singular of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, above

(indeclinable)

adverbial accusative

प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - the vital life energies (prāṇa) within the body (life breaths, vital airs, life forces)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air

Derived from pra-an

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

particle

उत्क्रमन्ति (utkramanti) - they rise up, they depart

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of utkram

Present Active

Present 3rd plural of ut-kram

Prefix: ut

Root: kram (class 1)

यूनः (yūnaḥ) - from a young person (of a young man, from a young man)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yuvan

yuvan - young, young man

स्थविरे (sthavire) - when an elder is present or approaching (in an elder, to an elder)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthavira

sthavira - old, aged, elder

आयति (āyati) - when (an elder) approaches (in the coming, in the approaching)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āyati

āyati - coming, approach, arrival

from ā-i (to come)

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्याम् (pratyutthānābhivādābhyām) - by rising and saluting, by standing up and greeting

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of pratyutthānābhivāda

pratyutthānābhivāda - rising and saluting

Dvanda compound of pratyutthāna and abhivāda

Compound type : dvandva (pratyutthāna+abhivāda)

• pratyutthāna – standing up, rising
  noun (neuter)
  from prati-ut-sthā
  Prefixes: prati+ut
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• abhivāda – salutation, greeting
  noun (masculine)
  from abhi-vad
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: vad (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

(indeclinable)

adverb

तान् (tān) - those (life breaths, prāṇa) (them (masculine plural accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - one obtains, one recovers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pratipad

Present Middle

Present 3rd singular of prati-pad

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)