महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38, verse-7

नीवारमूलेङ्गुदशाकवृत्तिः सुसंयतात्माग्निकार्येष्वचोद्यः ।
वने वसन्नतिथिष्वप्रमत्तो धुरंधरः पुण्यकृदेष तापसः ॥७॥

7. nīvāramūleṅgudaśākavṛttiḥ; susaṁyatātmāgnikāryeṣvacodyaḥ ,
vane vasannatithiṣvapramatto; dhuraṁdharaḥ puṇyakṛdeṣa tāpasaḥ.

7. nīvāramūleṅgudaśākavṛttiḥ
susaṃyatātmā agnikāryeṣu acodyaḥ |
vane vasan atithiṣu apramattaḥ
dhuraṃdharaḥ puṇyakṛt eṣa tāpasaḥ

7. This ascetic, dwelling in the forest, sustains himself on wild rice, roots, and inguda leaves/seeds. He has a well-controlled self (ātman), is assiduous in performing fire rituals, attentive to guests, bears the burden of his duties, and performs meritorious deeds.

Words meanings summery:

• नीवारमूलेङ्गुदशाकवृत्तिः (nīvāramūleṅgudaśākavṛttiḥ) - whose sustenance is wild rice, roots, and inguda leaves/seeds

• सुसंयतात्मा (susaṁyatātmā) - one with a well-controlled self (ātman)

• अग्निकार्येषु (agnikāryeṣu) - in fire rituals/sacrifices

• अचोद्यः (acodyaḥ) - not urged, not compelled, self-motivated, diligent

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• वसन् (vasan) - dwelling, living

• अतिथिषु (atithiṣu) - towards guests, in matters of guests

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - not careless, attentive, vigilant

• धुरंधरः (dhuraṁdharaḥ) - bearer of burden, one who performs duties

• पुण्यकृत् (puṇyakṛt) - performer of meritorious deeds, virtuous

• एष (eṣa) - this (one)

• तापसः (tāpasaḥ) - ascetic, hermit

Words meanings and morphology

नीवारमूलेङ्गुदशाकवृत्तिः (nīvāramūleṅgudaśākavṛttiḥ) - whose sustenance is wild rice, roots, and inguda leaves/seeds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nīvāramūleṅgudaśākavṛtti

nīvāramūleṅgudaśākavṛtti - one whose sustenance consists of wild rice, roots, and inguda vegetables/leaves

Bahuvrihi compound: 'nīvāramūla' (wild rice and roots) + 'iṅgudaśāka' (inguda leaves) + 'vṛtti' (sustenance). Meaning "one whose sustenance is wild rice, roots, and inguda leaves."

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nīvāramūla+iṅgudaśāka+vṛtti)

• nīvāramūla – wild rice and roots
  noun (neuter)
  Dvandva compound of 'nīvāra' (wild rice) and 'mūla' (root).
• iṅgudaśāka – leaves/vegetable of the inguda tree
  noun (neuter)
  Tatpurusha compound of 'iṅguda' (name of a tree, its fruit/oil) and 'śāka' (vegetable, leaf).
• vṛtti – sustenance, livelihood, mode of life, behavior
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vṛt' (to be, exist, turn)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tāpasaḥ'.

सुसंयतात्मा (susaṁyatātmā) - one with a well-controlled self (ātman)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃyatātman

susaṁyatātman - one whose self (ātman) is well-controlled

Bahuvrihi compound: 'su' (well) + 'saṃyata' (controlled) + 'ātman' (self, ātman).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+saṃyata+ātman)

• su – well, good, easily
  indeclinable
  prefix
• saṃyata – restrained, controlled, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'sam-yam' (to restrain, control)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tāpasaḥ'.

अग्निकार्येषु (agnikāryeṣu) - in fire rituals/sacrifices

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of agnikārya

agnikārya - fire ritual, sacrifice

Tatpurusha compound: 'agni' (fire) + 'kārya' (deed, work, ritual).

Compound type : tatpurusha (agni+kārya)

• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ag
• kārya – action, work, duty, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix 'ya'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the sphere of action for 'acodyaḥ'.

अचोद्यः (acodyaḥ) - not urged, not compelled, self-motivated, diligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acodya

acodya - not to be urged, not to be impelled, spontaneous, diligent, assiduous

Gerundive (negative)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'codya' (to be urged). 'codya' is Gerundive of root 'cud' (to urge, impel). Implies one who acts spontaneously or diligently without needing to be told.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+codya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• codya – to be urged, to be impelled
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root 'cud' (to urge) with suffix 'ya'.
  Root: cud (class 6)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tāpasaḥ'.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water (rare)

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Location for 'vasan'.

वसन् (vasan) - dwelling, living

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, living, residing

Present Active Participle

From root 'vas' (to dwell, live)

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tāpasaḥ'.

अतिथिषु (atithiṣu) - towards guests, in matters of guests

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of atithi

atithi - guest, visitor

Note: Refers to the sphere of attention for 'apramattaḥ'.

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - not careless, attentive, vigilant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - not careless, vigilant, attentive, assiduous

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'pramatta' (careless). 'pramatta' is P.P.P. of 'pra-mad' (to be careless).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pramatta – careless, heedless, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'pra-mad' (to be careless, intoxicated)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tāpasaḥ'.

धुरंधरः (dhuraṁdharaḥ) - bearer of burden, one who performs duties

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhuraṃdhara

dhuraṁdhara - bearer of a burden/yoke, leader, capable, one who performs his duties

Upapada Tatpurusha compound: 'dhur' (burden, yoke, duty) + 'dhara' (bearer).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (dhur+dhara)

• dhur – burden, yoke, responsibility, chief part
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – bearing, holding, carrying
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from dhṛ
  From root 'dhṛ' (to bear) with suffix 'a'.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun for 'tāpasaḥ'.

पुण्यकृत् (puṇyakṛt) - performer of meritorious deeds, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyakṛt

puṇyakṛt - doer of good deeds, virtuous, righteous

Upapada Tatpurusha compound: 'puṇya' (merit, virtue) + 'kṛt' (doer).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (puṇya+kṛt)

• puṇya – virtuous, meritorious, sacred, good deed
  noun (neuter)
• kṛt – doer, maker, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from kṛ
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with agent suffix 'kvip'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tāpasaḥ'.

एष (eṣa) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'tāpasaḥ'.

तापसः (tāpasaḥ) - ascetic, hermit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, one who performs austerities (tapas)

Derived from 'tapas' (austerity, penance) with suffix 'aṇ'.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.