महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38, verse-12

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पितुरन्तःपुरं दद्यान्मातुर्दद्यान्महानसम् ।
गोषु चात्मसमं दद्यात्स्वयमेव कृषिं व्रजेत् ।
भृत्यैर्वणिज्याचारं च पुत्रैः सेवेत ब्राह्मणान् ॥१२॥

12. piturantaḥpuraṁ dadyānmāturdadyānmahānasam ,
goṣu cātmasamaṁ dadyātsvayameva kṛṣiṁ vrajet ,
bhṛtyairvaṇijyācāraṁ ca putraiḥ seveta brāhmaṇān.

12. pituḥ antaḥpuram dadyāt mātuḥ dadyāt
mahānasam goṣu ca ātmasamam dadyāt
svayam eva kṛṣim vrajet bhṛtyaiḥ
vaṇijyācāram ca putraiḥ sevet brāhmaṇān

12. One should give the inner quarters to the father, and the great kitchen to the mother. He should give an equal share (to himself) to the cows. He himself should personally engage in farming. Through servants, he should manage trade and commerce, and through his sons, he should serve the Brahmins.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

पितुः (pituḥ) - to the father, of the father

अन्तःपुरम् (antaḥpuram) - inner apartment, women's quarters, harem

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

मातुः (mātuḥ) - to the mother, of the mother

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

महानसम् (mahānasam) - great kitchen, pantry

गोषु (goṣu) - among cows, in cows

च (ca) - and, also

आत्मसमम् (ātmasamam) - an equal share as to oneself (equal to oneself, similar to oneself)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, farming

व्रजेत् (vrajet) - one should go, undertake, engage in

भृत्यैः (bhṛtyaiḥ) - by servants

वणिज्याचारम् (vaṇijyācāram) - trade activity, business conduct

च (ca) - and, also

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by sons, through sons

सेवेत् (sevet) - one should serve, attend upon

ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brahmins

Words meanings and morphology

पितुः (pituḥ) - to the father, of the father

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Masculine noun, r-stem.

Note: Ablative or Genitive form used here in the sense of 'to' or 'for'.

अन्तःपुरम् (antaḥpuram) - inner apartment, women's quarters, harem

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antaḥpura

antaḥpura - inner apartment, women's quarters, harem

Compound 'antar' (inside) + 'pura' (city/house). Neuter noun.

Compound type : tatpurusha (antar+pura)

antar – inside, within
indeclinable
Preposition/adverb.
pura – city, dwelling, house
noun (neuter)
Neuter noun.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of dā

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root √dā.

Root: √dā (class 3)

मातुः (mātuḥ) - to the mother, of the mother

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Feminine noun, r-stem.

Note: Ablative or Genitive form used here in the sense of 'to' or 'for'.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of dā

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root √dā.

Root: √dā (class 3)

महानसम् (mahānasam) - great kitchen, pantry

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahānasa

mahānasa - great kitchen, royal kitchen, pantry

Compound 'mahā' (great) + 'nasa' (nose, but here metaphorically 'main part' or related to cooking). Usually neuter or masculine.

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+nasa)

mahā – great, large
adjective (feminine)
Feminine form of mahat.
nasa – nose, (fig.) leading part
noun (neuter)
Neuter/masculine noun. In compounds, often implies 'main' or 'significant' portion. Contextually refers to kitchen/store-room.

गोषु (goṣu) - among cows, in cows

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox

Feminine/masculine noun, u-stem.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आत्मसमम् (ātmasamam) - an equal share as to oneself (equal to oneself, similar to oneself)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmasama

ātmasama - equal to oneself, similar to oneself

Compound 'ātman' (self) + 'sama' (equal).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+sama)

ātman – self, soul, spirit
noun (masculine)
Masculine noun.
sama – equal, same, like
adjective

Note: Refers to the implicit share one should give to cows.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of dā

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root √dā.

Root: √dā (class 3)

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, farming

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi

kṛṣi - agriculture, cultivation, farming

Feminine noun from root √kṛṣ (to plough).

Root: √kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vrajet'.

व्रजेत् (vrajet) - one should go, undertake, engage in

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vraj

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root √vraj.

Root: √vraj (class 1)

भृत्यैः (bhṛtyaiḥ) - by servants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependant

Gerundive (kṛtya) used as noun

From root √bhṛ (to bear, to support). Masculine noun.

Root: √bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Indicates agency.

वणिज्याचारम् (vaṇijyācāram) - trade activity, business conduct

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaṇijyācāra

vaṇijyācāra - conduct/practice of trade, commerce activity

Tatpurusha compound 'vaṇijyā' (trade) + 'ācāra' (conduct/practice). Masculine noun.

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaṇijyā+ācāra)

vaṇijyā – trade, commerce
noun (feminine)
Feminine noun.
ācāra – conduct, practice, custom
noun (masculine)
Masculine noun from root √car (to move) with upasarga ā-.
Prefix: ā
Root: √car (class 1)

Note: Object of implicit 'manage' or 'do'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by sons, through sons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

Masculine noun.

Note: Indicates agency or means.

सेवेत् (sevet) - one should serve, attend upon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of sev