महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38, verse-42

यं प्रशंसन्ति कितवा यं प्रशंसन्ति चारणाः ।
यं प्रशंसन्ति बन्धक्यो न स जीवति मानवः ॥४२॥

42. yaṁ praśaṁsanti kitavā yaṁ praśaṁsanti cāraṇāḥ ,
yaṁ praśaṁsanti bandhakyo na sa jīvati mānavaḥ.

42. yam praśaṃsanti kitavāḥ yam praśaṃsanti cāraṇāḥ
yam praśaṃsanti bandhakyaḥ na saḥ jīvati mānavaḥ

42. That man whom gamblers, bards, and harlots praise does not truly live.

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - that man whom (whom, which)

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

• कितवाः (kitavāḥ) - gamblers (gamblers, rogues)

• यम् (yam) - that man whom (whom, which)

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

• चारणाः (cāraṇāḥ) - bards (bards, minstrels, wandering singers)

• यम् (yam) - that man whom (whom, which)

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

• बन्धक्यः (bandhakyaḥ) - harlots (harlots, prostitutes, unchaste women)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• सः (saḥ) - that (man) (he, that)

• जीवति (jīvati) - he truly lives (implying a meaningful existence) (he lives, exists)

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - that human being (man, human being)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - that man whom (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Object of 'praśaṃsanti'.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

Present Active

from pra + śaṃs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

कितवाः (kitavāḥ) - gamblers (gamblers, rogues)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kitava

kitava - gambler, cheat, rogue

Note: Subject of 'praśaṃsanti'.

यम् (yam) - that man whom (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Object of 'praśaṃsanti'.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

Present Active

from pra + śaṃs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

चारणाः (cāraṇāḥ) - bards (bards, minstrels, wandering singers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cāraṇa

cāraṇa - bard, minstrel, wandering performer

from car (to move, wander)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'praśaṃsanti'.

यम् (yam) - that man whom (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Object of 'praśaṃsanti'.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

Present Active

from pra + śaṃs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

बन्धक्यः (bandhakyaḥ) - harlots (harlots, prostitutes, unchaste women)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bandhakī

bandhakī - harlot, prostitute, unchaste woman

Note: Subject of 'praśaṃsanti'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'jīvati'.

सः (saḥ) - that (man) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Subject of 'jīvati'.

जीवति (jīvati) - he truly lives (implying a meaningful existence) (he lives, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present Active

Conjugated form of the verb 'jīv'

Root: jīv (class 1)

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - that human being (man, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - man, human being, descendant of Manu

derived from manu