महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38, verse-3

यस्योदकं मधुपर्कं च गां च नमन्त्रवित्प्रतिगृह्णाति गेहे ।
लोभाद्भयादर्थकार्पण्यतो वा तस्यानर्थं जीवितमाहुरार्याः ॥३॥

3. yasyodakaṁ madhuparkaṁ ca gāṁ ca; namantravitpratigṛhṇāti gehe ,
lobhādbhayādarthakārpaṇyato vā; tasyānarthaṁ jīvitamāhurāryāḥ.

3. yasya udakam madhuparkam ca gām ca
na mantravit pratigṛhṇāti gehe
lobhāt bhayāt arthakārpaṇyataḥ vā
tasya anartham jīvitam āhuḥ āryāḥ

3. The noble ones (ārya) declare that the life of a person is without purpose if, in his home, water, the honey mixture (madhuparka), and a cow are accepted by someone not learned in sacred verses (mantra) – whether this occurs out of greed, fear, or a craving for wealth.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - of the householder (host) (whose, of whom)

• उदकम् (udakam) - water

• मधुपर्कम् (madhuparkam) - an offering of honey mixture (madhuparka) (honey mixture, offering of honey, ghee, curd)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गाम् (gām) - cow

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• मन्त्रवित् (mantravit) - someone learned in sacred verses (mantra) (one who knows mantras, knower of sacred verses)

• प्रतिगृह्णाति (pratigṛhṇāti) - he accepts, he receives

• गेहे (gehe) - in the householder's home (in the house, at home)

• लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, due to avarice

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to apprehension

• अर्थकार्पण्यतः (arthakārpaṇyataḥ) - from miserliness concerning wealth (from stinginess regarding wealth, from poverty of means)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• तस्य (tasya) - of that householder (host) (his, of him)

• अनर्थम् (anartham) - without purpose, worthless (worthless, meaningless, unprofitable, disadvantageous)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• आर्याः (āryāḥ) - noble ones, respectable persons

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - of the householder (host) (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

relative pronoun

उदकम् (udakam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

मधुपर्कम् (madhuparkam) - an offering of honey mixture (madhuparka) (honey mixture, offering of honey, ghee, curd)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madhuparka

madhuparka - a respectful offering of honey, curds, ghee, etc. to a guest

Compound 'madhu' + 'arka' (or 'parka')

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhu+arka)

• madhu – honey, sweet
  noun (neuter)
• arka – light, praise, offering
  noun (masculine)
  Sometimes 'parka' is derived from a root 'parc'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

गाम् (gām) - cow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negative particle

मन्त्रवित् (mantravit) - someone learned in sacred verses (mantra) (one who knows mantras, knower of sacred verses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mantravit

mantravit - knowing mantras, learned in sacred verses

Compound 'mantra' + 'vit' (from vid, to know)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mantra+vit)

• mantra – sacred utterance, hymn, prayer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)
• vit – knower, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  derived from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used as a noun, 'a non-knower of mantras'.

प्रतिगृह्णाति (pratigṛhṇāti) - he accepts, he receives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of pratigrah

Present Active

Present 3rd singular of prati-grah

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

गेहे (gehe) - in the householder's home (in the house, at home)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of geha

geha - house, dwelling, home

लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, due to avarice

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of lobha

lobha - greed, avarice, desire

Root: lubh (class 4)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to apprehension

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, apprehension

Root: bhī (class 3)

अर्थकार्पण्यतः (arthakārpaṇyataḥ) - from miserliness concerning wealth (from stinginess regarding wealth, from poverty of means)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of arthakārpaṇya

arthakārpaṇya - stinginess regarding wealth, poverty of means

Compound 'artha' + 'kārpaṇya'

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+kārpaṇya)

• artha – wealth, purpose, meaning
  noun (masculine)
• kārpaṇya – miserliness, stinginess, pity, wretchedness
  noun (neuter)
  from kṛpaṇa (miserable)
  Root: kṛp (class 1)

Note: Ablative ending -taḥ is used.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

conjunction

तस्य (tasya) - of that householder (host) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

demonstrative pronoun

अनर्थम् (anartham) - without purpose, worthless (worthless, meaningless, unprofitable, disadvantageous)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anartha

anartha - worthless, evil, calamity, unprofitable

Negative compound: na + artha

Note: Agrees with 'jīvitam'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, living

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lit) of ah

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd plural (irregular) of root ah

Root: ah (class 2)

आर्याः (āryāḥ) - noble ones, respectable persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable