महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38, verse-2

पीठं दत्त्वा साधवेऽभ्यागताय आनीयापः परिनिर्णिज्य पादौ ।
सुखं पृष्ट्वा प्रतिवेद्यात्मसंस्थं ततो दद्यादन्नमवेक्ष्य धीरः ॥२॥

2. pīṭhaṁ dattvā sādhave'bhyāgatāya; ānīyāpaḥ parinirṇijya pādau ,
sukhaṁ pṛṣṭvā prativedyātmasaṁsthaṁ; tato dadyādannamavekṣya dhīraḥ.

2. pīṭham dattvā sādhave abhyāgatāya
ānīya āpaḥ parinirṇijya pādau
sukham pṛṣṭvā prativedya ātmasaṃstham
tataḥ dadyāt annam avekṣya dhīraḥ

2. A wise person should first offer a seat to a virtuous guest who has arrived, then bring water and thoroughly wash their feet. After inquiring about their welfare and informing them of one's own well-being (ātman), one should then, after careful consideration, offer food.

Words meanings summery:

• पीठम् (pīṭham) - seat, stool

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• साधवे (sādhave) - to a good, to a virtuous person

• अभ्यागताय (abhyāgatāya) - to a guest (to a guest, to one who has arrived)

• आनीय (ānīya) - having brought

• आपः (āpaḥ) - water (for washing) (waters)

• परिनिर्णिज्य (parinirṇijya) - having thoroughly washed/cleansed

• पादौ (pādau) - the guest's feet (two feet)

• सुखम् (sukham) - about (their) welfare (happily, welfare, comfort)

• पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having asked, having enquired

• प्रतिवेद्य (prativedya) - having informed, having announced

• आत्मसंस्थम् (ātmasaṁstham) - one's own well-being (ātman) (one's own state, state of the self)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, one should offer

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, sustenance

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having carefully considered (having seen, having considered, having perceived)

• धीरः (dhīraḥ) - a wise person (wise, steady, patient)

Words meanings and morphology

पीठम् (pīṭham) - seat, stool

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pīṭha

pīṭha - seat, stool

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root dā

Root: dā (class 3)

साधवे (sādhave) - to a good, to a virtuous person

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous

अभ्यागताय (abhyāgatāya) - to a guest (to a guest, to one who has arrived)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of abhyāgata

abhyāgata - one who has approached, a guest

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of abhi-ā-gam

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

आनीय (ānīya) - having brought

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: nī (class 1)

आपः (āpaḥ) - water (for washing) (waters)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Always plural in this sense.

परिनिर्णिज्य (parinirṇijya) - having thoroughly washed/cleansed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form with prefixes pari-nir

Prefixes: pari+nir

Root: ṇij (class 3)

पादौ (pādau) - the guest's feet (two feet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg

सुखम् (sukham) - about (their) welfare (happily, welfare, comfort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, welfare

Adverbial accusative

पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having asked, having enquired

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root prach

Root: prach (class 6)

प्रतिवेद्य (prativedya) - having informed, having announced

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: vid (class 2)

आत्मसंस्थम् (ātmasaṁstham) - one's own well-being (ātman) (one's own state, state of the self)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmasaṃstha

ātmasaṁstha - situated in oneself, relating to one's own state

Compound 'ātman' + 'saṃstha'

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+saṃstha)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual self
  noun (masculine)
• saṃstha – standing together, situated, abiding
  adjective (masculine)
  from sam-sthā
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implicit object like 'condition' or 'state'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

(indeclinable)

Adverb

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, one should offer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhilin) of dā

Optative Active

Optative 3rd singular of root dā

Root: dā (class 3)

अन्नम् (annam) - food, sustenance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, rice

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of ad (to eat)

Root: ad (class 2)

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having carefully considered (having seen, having considered, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

धीरः (dhīraḥ) - a wise person (wise, steady, patient)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, steadfast, calm, sagacious