महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-180, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
तमहं स्मयन्निव रणे प्रत्यभाषं व्यवस्थितम् ।
भूमिष्ठं नोत्सहे योद्धुं भवन्तं रथमास्थितः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tamahaṁ smayanniva raṇe pratyabhāṣaṁ vyavasthitam ,
bhūmiṣṭhaṁ notsahe yoddhuṁ bhavantaṁ rathamāsthitaḥ.

1. bhīṣma uvāca | tam aham smayan
iva raṇe pratyabhāṣam vyavasthitam
| bhūmiṣṭham na utsahe
yoddhum bhavantam ratham āsthitaḥ

1. bhīṣma uvāca aham raṇe vyavasthitam tam smayan iva pratyabhāṣam ratham āsthitaḥ aham,
bhūmiṣṭham bhavantam yoddhum na utsahe

1. Bhishma said: "Smiling as it were, I replied to him who stood resolute on the battlefield: 'I, stationed on a chariot, am unable to fight you, who are standing on the ground.'"

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• तम् (tam) - him (Parasurama) (him, that (masculine))

• अहम् (aham) - I (Bhishma) (I)

• स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling

• इव (iva) - as it were (as if, like, as)

• रणे (raṇe) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield)

• प्रत्यभाषम् (pratyabhāṣam) - I replied (I replied, I spoke in return)

• व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - who stood resolute (standing firm, resolute, established)

• भूमिष्ठम् (bhūmiṣṭham) - standing on the ground (standing on the ground, earthly)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• उत्सहे (utsahe) - I am able (I am able, I venture, I dare)

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

• भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - you (Parasurama) (your honor, you (polite address))

• रथम् (ratham) - a chariot (chariot)

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - stationed on (standing on, situated on, mounted on)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper noun), terrible, formidable

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (Parasurama) (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `pratyabhāṣam`.

अहम् (aham) - I (Bhishma) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of `pratyabhāṣam`.

स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayat

smayat - smiling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root smi- (to smile) with śatṛ affix (Pāṇini 3.2.124)

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Modifies `aham`.

इव (iva) - as it were (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses similitude or a gentle manner.

रणे (raṇe) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

प्रत्यभाषम् (pratyabhāṣam) - I replied (I replied, I spoke in return)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of prati-bhāṣ

imperfect tense, 1st person singular

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject `aham`.

व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - who stood resolute (standing firm, resolute, established)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyava-sthita

vyava-sthita - standing firm, established, resolute

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefixes vi and ava

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies `tam` (Parasurama).

भूमिष्ठम् (bhūmiṣṭham) - standing on the ground (standing on the ground, earthly)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhūmiṣṭha

bhūmiṣṭha - standing on the ground, being on earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+stha)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies `bhavantam`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `utsahe`.

उत्सहे (utsahe) - I am able (I am able, I venture, I dare)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ut-sah

present tense, 1st person singular, middle voice

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Subject is `aham` (implied from verb ending).

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of yudh

infinitive

infinitive form of root yudh- (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose or potential.

भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - you (Parasurama) (your honor, you (polite address))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, sir, you (polite)

Present Active Participle

honorific pronoun, originally present participle of bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of `yoddhum`.

रथम् (ratham) - a chariot (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of `āsthitaḥ`.

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - stationed on (standing on, situated on, mounted on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ā-sthita

ā-sthita - situated, standing, mounted, resorted to

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies `aham` (implied subject).