महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-70, verse-37

हयोत्तमानुत्पततो द्विजानिव पुनः पुनः ।
नलः संचोदयामास प्रहृष्टेनान्तरात्मना ॥३७॥

37. hayottamānutpatato dvijāniva punaḥ punaḥ ,
nalaḥ saṁcodayāmāsa prahṛṣṭenāntarātmanā.

37. hayottamān utpatataḥ dvijān iva punaḥ punaḥ
nalaḥ saṃcodayāmāsa prahṛṣṭena antarātmanā

37. King Nala, with a delighted inner self (ātman), repeatedly urged his excellent horses, which were leaping up as if they were birds (dvijān).

37. נַלַה האיץ בסוסים המעולים, שקפצו שוב ושוב כמו ציפורים, ברוח פנימית שמחה.

Words meanings summery:

• हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - excellent horses (excellent horses, best of horses)

• उत्पततः (utpatataḥ) - leaping up (leaping up, flying up)

• द्विजान् (dvijān) - birds (birds, twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (name of a king))

• संचोदयामास (saṁcodayāmāsa) - he urged (he urged, impelled, stimulated)

• प्रहृष्टेन (prahṛṣṭena) - by his delighted (inner self) (by the delighted, by the joyful)

• अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - by his inner self (ātman) (by the inner self (ātman), by the mind)

Words meanings and morphology

हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - excellent horses (excellent horses, best of horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hayottama

hayottama - best horse, excellent horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of 'saṃcodayāmāsa'.

उत्पततः (utpatataḥ) - leaping up (leaping up, flying up)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of utpatat

utpatat - leaping up, flying up, rising

Present Active Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall, fly) with prefix 'ut'

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayottamān'.

द्विजान् (dvijān) - birds (birds, twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used in comparison with horses.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms the reduplicated 'punaḥ punaḥ'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms the reduplicated 'punaḥ punaḥ'.

नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king, a hero of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'saṃcodayāmāsa'.

संचोदयामास (saṁcodayāmāsa) - he urged (he urged, impelled, stimulated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of saṃcud

Causative perfect

From root 'cud' (to urge) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Periphrastic perfect.

प्रहृष्टेन (prahṛṣṭena) - by his delighted (inner self) (by the delighted, by the joyful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hṛṣ' (to thrill, be glad) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'antarātmanā'.

अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - by his inner self (ātman) (by the inner self (ātman), by the mind)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of antarātman

antarātman - inner soul, mind, conscience, the supreme (ātman)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antar+ātman)

• antar – within, inner
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses the agent or means.

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