महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-70, verse-37

हयोत्तमानुत्पततो द्विजानिव पुनः पुनः ।
नलः संचोदयामास प्रहृष्टेनान्तरात्मना ॥३७॥

37. hayottamānutpatato dvijāniva punaḥ punaḥ ,
nalaḥ saṁcodayāmāsa prahṛṣṭenāntarātmanā.

37. hayottamān utpatataḥ dvijān iva punaḥ punaḥ
nalaḥ saṃcodayāmāsa prahṛṣṭena antarātmanā

37. King Nala, with a delighted inner self (ātman), repeatedly urged his excellent horses, which were leaping up as if they were birds (dvijān).

Words meanings summery:

• हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - excellent horses (excellent horses, best of horses)

• उत्पततः (utpatataḥ) - leaping up (leaping up, flying up)

• द्विजान् (dvijān) - birds (birds, twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (name of a king))

• संचोदयामास (saṁcodayāmāsa) - he urged (he urged, impelled, stimulated)

• प्रहृष्टेन (prahṛṣṭena) - by his delighted (inner self) (by the delighted, by the joyful)

• अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - by his inner self (ātman) (by the inner self (ātman), by the mind)

Words meanings and morphology

हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - excellent horses (excellent horses, best of horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hayottama

hayottama - best horse, excellent horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of 'saṃcodayāmāsa'.

उत्पततः (utpatataḥ) - leaping up (leaping up, flying up)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of utpatat

utpatat - leaping up, flying up, rising

Present Active Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall, fly) with prefix 'ut'

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayottamān'.

द्विजान् (dvijān) - birds (birds, twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used in comparison with horses.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms the reduplicated 'punaḥ punaḥ'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms the reduplicated 'punaḥ punaḥ'.

नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king, a hero of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'saṃcodayāmāsa'.

संचोदयामास (saṁcodayāmāsa) - he urged (he urged, impelled, stimulated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of saṃcud

Causative perfect

From root 'cud' (to urge) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Periphrastic perfect.

प्रहृष्टेन (prahṛṣṭena) - by his delighted (inner self) (by the delighted, by the joyful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hṛṣ' (to thrill, be glad) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'antarātmanā'.

अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - by his inner self (ātman) (by the inner self (ātman), by the mind)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of antarātman

antarātman - inner soul, mind, conscience, the supreme (ātman)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antar+ātman)

• antar – within, inner
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses the agent or means.