महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-70, verse-20

अकाम इव तं राजा गणयस्वेत्युवाच ह ।
सोऽवतीर्य रथात्तूर्णं शातयामास तं द्रुमम् ॥२०॥

20. akāma iva taṁ rājā gaṇayasvetyuvāca ha ,
so'vatīrya rathāttūrṇaṁ śātayāmāsa taṁ drumam.

20. akāmaḥ iva tam rājā gaṇayasva iti uvāca ha saḥ
avatīrya rathāt tūrṇam śātayāmāsa tam drumam

20. The king, as if unwilling, said to him, 'You count [them]!' And indeed, having quickly descended from the chariot, he caused that tree to fall.

Words meanings summery:

• अकामः (akāmaḥ) - The king was unwilling to perform the task himself. (unwilling, reluctant, devoid of desire)

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• तम् (tam) - Bāhuka. (him, that)

• राजा (rājā) - King Ṛtuparṇa. (king)

• गणयस्व (gaṇayasva) - King Ṛtuparṇa telling Bāhuka to count the fruits. (count)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

• सः (saḥ) - The king. (he, that)

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - The king having descended from the chariot. (having descended)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• शातयामास (śātayāmāsa) - The king felled the Bibhītaka tree to count its fruits easily. (caused to fall, cut down, felled)

• तम् (tam) - That Bibhītaka tree. (that, him)

• द्रुमम् (drumam) - The Bibhītaka tree. (tree)

Words meanings and morphology

अकामः (akāmaḥ) - The king was unwilling to perform the task himself. (unwilling, reluctant, devoid of desire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akāma

akāma - unwilling, reluctant, desireless, without desire

Compound: a (negation) + kāma (desire)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+kāma)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - Bāhuka. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - King Ṛtuparṇa. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

गणयस्व (gaṇayasva) - King Ṛtuparṇa telling Bāhuka to count the fruits. (count)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √gaṇ

Imperative Middle

2nd person singular, Ātmanepada form

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech)

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, irregular perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - The king. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - The king having descended from the chariot. (having descended)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix 'ava' (down) and suffix '-ya' after the root

Prefix: ava

Root: tṝ (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

शातयामास (śātayāmāsa) - The king felled the Bibhītaka tree to count its fruits easily. (caused to fall, cut down, felled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √śat

Causative Perfect Active

3rd person singular, causative form of √śat ('to cause to fall') with Periphrastic Perfect ending -āmāsa

Root: śat (class 1)

Note: This is a Periphrastic Perfect formation using an auxiliary verb.

तम् (tam) - That Bibhītaka tree. (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

द्रुमम् (drumam) - The Bibhītaka tree. (tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree