महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-70, verse-2

तथा प्रयाते तु रथे तदा भाङ्गस्वरिर्नृपः ।
उत्तरीयमथापश्यद्भ्रष्टं परपुरंजयः ॥२॥

2. tathā prayāte tu rathe tadā bhāṅgasvarirnṛpaḥ ,
uttarīyamathāpaśyadbhraṣṭaṁ parapuraṁjayaḥ.

2. tathā prayāte tu rathe tadā bhāṅgasvariḥ nṛpaḥ
uttarīyam atha apaśyat bhraṣṭam parapurañjayaḥ

2. As the chariot was thus proceeding, King Bhāṅgasvari (Ṛtuparṇa), the conqueror of enemy cities, then saw his upper garment that had fallen.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - Refers to the manner in which the chariot was moving (i.e., swiftly). (thus, in that way, accordingly)

• प्रयाते (prayāte) - Describes the state of the chariot after it began its swift journey. (having gone, having proceeded, having set out)

• तु (tu) - Adds emphasis. (but, indeed, however)

• रथे (rathe) - The chariot on which Ṛtuparṇa and Nala (Bāhuka) were traveling. (in the chariot, on the chariot)

• तदा (tadā) - Indicates the sequence of events. (then, at that time)

• भाङ्गस्वरिः (bhāṅgasvariḥ) - Another name or epithet for King Ṛtuparṇa. (Bhāṅgasvari)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Refers to King Ṛtuparṇa. (the king)

• उत्तरीयम् (uttarīyam) - The piece of clothing that fell from King Ṛtuparṇa. (upper garment, shawl)

• अथ (atha) - Indicates immediate succession. (then, now, thereupon)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - King Ṛtuparṇa saw his garment. (saw, beheld)

• भ्रष्टम् (bhraṣṭam) - Describes the upper garment as having fallen from the king. (fallen, dropped, strayed)

• परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - An honorary title or epithet for King Ṛtuparṇa. (conqueror of enemy cities)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - Refers to the manner in which the chariot was moving (i.e., swiftly). (thus, in that way, accordingly)

(indeclinable)

प्रयाते (prayāte) - Describes the state of the chariot after it began its swift journey. (having gone, having proceeded, having set out)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of prayāta

prayāta - gone, departed, proceeded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra- + yā (to go).

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies "rathe".

तु (tu) - Adds emphasis. (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

रथे (rathe) - The chariot on which Ṛtuparṇa and Nala (Bāhuka) were traveling. (in the chariot, on the chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - Indicates the sequence of events. (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base tad.

Note: Adverb of time.

भाङ्गस्वरिः (bhāṅgasvariḥ) - Another name or epithet for King Ṛtuparṇa. (Bhāṅgasvari)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāṅgasvari

bhāṅgasvari - Bhāṅgasvari (name of a king, Ṛtuparṇa)

Likely patronymic or related to a geographical feature.

Note: Subject of "apaśyat".

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Refers to King Ṛtuparṇa. (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch

From nṛ (man) + pā (to protect).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Apposition to "bhāṅgasvariḥ".

उत्तरीयम् (uttarīyam) - The piece of clothing that fell from King Ṛtuparṇa. (upper garment, shawl)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttarīya

uttarīya - upper garment, shawl, mantle

From uttar (upper) + īya (suffix).

Note: Object of "apaśyat".

अथ (atha) - Indicates immediate succession. (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - King Ṛtuparṇa saw his garment. (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect tense, from root dṛś (with substitution paś).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भ्रष्टम् (bhraṣṭam) - Describes the upper garment as having fallen from the king. (fallen, dropped, strayed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhraṣṭa

bhraṣṭa - fallen, dropped, slipped, gone astray

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhraś (to fall, to slip).

Root: bhraś (class 1)

परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - An honorary title or epithet for King Ṛtuparṇa. (conqueror of enemy cities)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parapurañjaya

parapurañjaya - conqueror of hostile cities

From para (other/enemy) + pura (city) + jay (to conquer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa / upapada-tatpuruṣa (para+pura+jaya)

• para – other, enemy, hostile
  adjective (masculine)
• pura – city, town, stronghold
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Apposition to "nṛpaḥ" and "bhāṅgasvariḥ".