महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-48, verse-30

तद्धर्मराजवचनं प्रतिश्रुत्य सभासदः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगास्ते शमयामासुरञ्जसा ।
केशवं मधुरैर्वाक्यैः कालयुक्तैरमर्षितम् ॥३०॥

30. taddharmarājavacanaṁ pratiśrutya sabhāsadaḥ ,
dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogāste śamayāmāsurañjasā ,
keśavaṁ madhurairvākyaiḥ kālayuktairamarṣitam.

30. tat dharmarājavacanam pratiśrutya
sabhāsadaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogāḥ te
śamayām āsuḥ añjasā keśavam
madhuraiḥ vākyaiḥ kālayuktaiḥ amarṣitam

30. Having heard that statement of the king (Dharmarāja), the assembly members, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, quickly appeased the enraged Keśava with sweet and appropriate words.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - refers to the 'word' or 'statement' (that, that one)

• धर्मराजवचनम् (dharmarājavacanam) - The statement of King Yudhiṣṭhira (the word/statement of the Dharma king)

• प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having heard (and implicitly assented to) (having promised, having heard, having assented)

• सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - assembly members, councillors

• धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगाः (dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogāḥ) - having Dhṛṣṭadyumna as their leader, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• ते (te) - they

• शमयाम् (śamayām) - part of the periphrastic perfect 'śamayām āsuḥ' (having appeased, having calmed)

• आसुः (āsuḥ) - part of the periphrastic perfect 'śamayām āsuḥ' (they were, they did)

• अञ्जसा (añjasā) - quickly, immediately, truly

• केशवम् (keśavam) - Kṛṣṇa (Keśava (accusative))

• मधुरैः (madhuraiḥ) - with sweet, by sweet

• वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - with words, by words

• कालयुक्तैः (kālayuktaiḥ) - with timely, with appropriate to the occasion

• अमर्षितम् (amarṣitam) - Kṛṣṇa who was enraged (enraged, indignant, angered)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - refers to the 'word' or 'statement' (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धर्मराजवचनम् (dharmarājavacanam) - The statement of King Yudhiṣṭhira (the word/statement of the Dharma king)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmarājavacana

dharmarājavacana - the word of the king of (natural law) dharma

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharmarāja+vacana)

• dharmarāja – king of (natural law) dharma
  noun (masculine)
• vacana – word, speech, statement
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vac' (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having heard (and implicitly assented to) (having promised, having heard, having assented)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'śru' (to hear) with upasarga 'prati' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: prati

Root: śru (class 5)

सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - assembly members, councillors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sabhāsad

sabhāsad - assembly member, one who sits in an assembly

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (sabhā+sad)

• sabhā – assembly, council, hall
  noun (feminine)
• sad – to sit
  root
  Root: sad (class 1)

धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगाः (dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogāḥ) - having Dhṛṣṭadyumna as their leader, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛṣṭadyumnapuroga

dhṛṣṭadyumnapuroga - having Dhṛṣṭadyumna as leader/foremost

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛṣṭadyumna+puroga)

• dhṛṣṭadyumna – Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puroga – going before, leading, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'puras' (before) + 'gam' (to go)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sabhāsadaḥ'

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शमयाम् (śamayām) - part of the periphrastic perfect 'śamayām āsuḥ' (having appeased, having calmed)

(verb)

Causative stem with 'ām' suffix for periphrastic perfect

Causative of śam (to be quiet) is śamay. The 'ām' suffix is used to form a periphrastic perfect verb when combined with a form of 'as' (to be) or 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: This is the 'ām' part of the periphrastic perfect.

आसुः (āsuḥ) - part of the periphrastic perfect 'śamayām āsuḥ' (they were, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Periphrastic perfect helper verb. The combined meaning 'śamayām āsuḥ' is 'they appeased'.

अञ्जसा (añjasā) - quickly, immediately, truly

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of 'añjas' (straightness, truth), used adverbially

केशवम् (keśavam) - Kṛṣṇa (Keśava (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - having beautiful hair, slayer of the demon Keśī, a name of Kṛṣṇa

मधुरैः (madhuraiḥ) - with sweet, by sweet

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming

Note: Agrees with 'vākyaiḥ'

वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - with words, by words

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

From 'vāc' (word)

कालयुक्तैः (kālayuktaiḥ) - with timely, with appropriate to the occasion

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kālayukta

kālayukta - timely, appropriate to the time, fit for the occasion

Past Passive Participle (yukta)

yukta (joined, endowed) from yuj

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+yukta)

• kāla – time, season, occasion
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – joined, endowed with, appropriate
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yuj' (to join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'vākyaiḥ' and 'madhuraiḥ'

अमर्षितम् (amarṣitam) - Kṛṣṇa who was enraged (enraged, indignant, angered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣita

amarṣita - enraged, indignant, impatient, angry

Past Passive Participle

From root 'mṛṣ' (to bear, to endure) with negation 'a-' prefix, meaning 'unable to endure'.

Compound type : prādi tatpurusha (a+marṣita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• marṣita – endured, tolerated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'mṛṣ' (to endure)
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'keśavam'.