महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-48, verse-11

संजय उवाच ।
व्यतिक्रमोऽयं सुमहांस्त्वया राजन्नुपेक्षितः ।
समर्थेनापि यन्मोहात्पुत्रस्ते न निवारितः ॥११॥

11. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vyatikramo'yaṁ sumahāṁstvayā rājannupekṣitaḥ ,
samarthenāpi yanmohātputraste na nivāritaḥ.

11. sañjaya uvāca vyatikramaḥ ayam sumahān tvayā rājan
upekṣitaḥ samarthena api yat mohāt putraḥ te na nivāritaḥ

11. Sañjaya said: "O King, you overlooked this very great transgression. Even though you were capable, you did not prevent your son, who was acting out of delusion."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression, violation, offense

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, mighty, extensive

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• उपेक्षितः (upekṣitaḥ) - overlooked, neglected, tolerated

• समर्थेन (samarthena) - by you, O King, who are capable (by the capable one, by one who is competent)

• अपि (api) - even, also, though

• यत् (yat) - that, because, since

• मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, out of confusion

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

• ते (te) - your

• न (na) - not

• निवारितः (nivāritaḥ) - prevented, restrained, stopped

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (a proper name, the charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root vac, perfect active, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression, violation, offense

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikrama

vyatikrama - transgression, violation, offense, going beyond

Derived from root kram with upasargas vi and ati

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, mighty, extensive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, mighty, extensive, very large

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, big, extensive
  adjective (neuter)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

उपेक्षितः (upekṣitaḥ) - overlooked, neglected, tolerated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upekṣita

upekṣita - overlooked, neglected, tolerated, disregarded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with upasarga upa (towards, near)

Prefix: upa

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vyatikramaḥ'

समर्थेन (samarthena) - by you, O King, who are capable (by the capable one, by one who is competent)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of samartha

samartha - capable, competent, fit, able

Derived from root arth (to ask, to mean) with upasarga sam (together, with)

Prefix: sam

Root: arth (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'tvayā' (by you)

अपि (api) - even, also, though

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - that, because, since

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as a conjunction meaning 'because' or 'that'

मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, out of confusion

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, confusion, infatuation, bewilderment

Derived from root muh (to be bewildered, confused)

Root: muh (class 4)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of genitive 'your'

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

निवारितः (nivāritaḥ) - prevented, restrained, stopped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivārita

nivārita - prevented, restrained, stopped, warded off

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, restrain) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'putraḥ'