महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-48, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
सुदीर्घमुष्णं निःश्वस्य धृतराष्ट्रोऽम्बिकासुतः ।
अब्रवीत्संजयं सूतमामन्त्र्य भरतर्षभ ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sudīrghamuṣṇaṁ niḥśvasya dhṛtarāṣṭro'mbikāsutaḥ ,
abravītsaṁjayaṁ sūtamāmantrya bharatarṣabha.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca sudīrgham uṣṇam niḥśvasya dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ
ambikāsutaḥ abravīt saṃjayam sūtam āmantrya bharatarṣabha

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the son of Ambikā, after sighing a very long and hot sigh, addressed Saṃjaya, the charioteer. (O best among the Bharatas!)

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - very long, extensive

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warm

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name)

• अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was the son of Ambikā (son of Ambikā)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• संजयम् (saṁjayam) - to Saṃjaya

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

• आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having addressed, having invited

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Janamejaya (the listener of the Mahābhārata narration) (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (sage, narrator of Mahābhārata to Janamejaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular Perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - very long, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudīrgha

sudīrgha - very long, extensive

Compound: su- (good/very) + dīrgha (long)

Compound type : bahuvrihi or karmadharaya (su+dīrgha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix/indeclinable
• dīrgha – long, tall
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially here, describing the sigh.

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warm

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm, passionate

Note: Functions adverbially here, describing the sigh.

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive from √śvas with prefix niḥ-

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: It is an absolutive, which is an indeclinable verbal form.

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Compound: dhṛta (held/supported) + rāṣṭra (kingdom)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of √dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the blind king Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was the son of Ambikā (son of Ambikā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambikāsuta

ambikāsuta - son of Ambikā

Compound: Ambikā + suta

Compound type : tatpurusha (ambikā+suta)

• ambikā – Ambikā (name of a queen)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √sū (to beget)
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Appositive to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular Imperfect active of √brū

Root: brū (class 2)

संजयम् (saṁjayam) - to Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name)

Note: Object of the verb abravīt.

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard

Note: Appositive to Saṃjaya.

आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having addressed, having invited

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive from √mantr with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: mantr (class 10)

Note: It is an absolutive, which is an indeclinable verbal form.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Janamejaya (the listener of the Mahābhārata narration) (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among the Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound: bharata (Bharata's descendant) + ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Janamejaya.