महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-48, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
सुदीर्घमुष्णं निःश्वस्य धृतराष्ट्रोऽम्बिकासुतः ।
अब्रवीत्संजयं सूतमामन्त्र्य भरतर्षभ ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sudīrghamuṣṇaṁ niḥśvasya dhṛtarāṣṭro'mbikāsutaḥ ,
abravītsaṁjayaṁ sūtamāmantrya bharatarṣabha.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca sudīrgham uṣṇam niḥśvasya dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ
ambikāsutaḥ abravīt saṃjayam sūtam āmantrya bharatarṣabha

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the son of Ambikā, after sighing a very long and hot sigh, addressed Saṃjaya, the charioteer. (O best among the Bharatas!)

1. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, הו גדול צאצאי בְּהַרַטַה, דְהְרְטַרָאשְׁתְרַה בן אַמְבִּיקָה נשם נשימה ארוכה וחמה, פנה אל סַנְג׳ַיַה נהג המרכבה ואמר את הדברים הבאים.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - very long, extensive

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warm

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name)

• अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was the son of Ambikā (son of Ambikā)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• संजयम् (saṁjayam) - to Saṃjaya

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

• आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having addressed, having invited

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Janamejaya (the listener of the Mahābhārata narration) (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (sage, narrator of Mahābhārata to Janamejaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular Perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - very long, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudīrgha

sudīrgha - very long, extensive

Compound: su- (good/very) + dīrgha (long)

Compound type : bahuvrihi or karmadharaya (su+dīrgha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix/indeclinable
• dīrgha – long, tall
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially here, describing the sigh.

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warm

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm, passionate

Note: Functions adverbially here, describing the sigh.

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive from √śvas with prefix niḥ-

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: It is an absolutive, which is an indeclinable verbal form.

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Compound: dhṛta (held/supported) + rāṣṭra (kingdom)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of √dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the blind king Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was the son of Ambikā (son of Ambikā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambikāsuta

ambikāsuta - son of Ambikā

Compound: Ambikā + suta

Compound type : tatpurusha (ambikā+suta)

• ambikā – Ambikā (name of a queen)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √sū (to beget)
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Appositive to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular Imperfect active of √brū

Root: brū (class 2)

संजयम् (saṁjayam) - to Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name)

Note: Object of the verb abravīt.

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard

Note: Appositive to Saṃjaya.

आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having addressed, having invited

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive from √mantr with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: mantr (class 10)

Note: It is an absolutive, which is an indeclinable verbal form.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Janamejaya (the listener of the Mahābhārata narration) (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among the Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound: bharata (Bharata's descendant) + ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Janamejaya.

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