महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-296, verse-7

नकुलस्तु तथेत्युक्त्वा शीघ्रमारुह्य पादपम् ।
अब्रवीद्भ्रातरं ज्येष्ठमभिवीक्ष्य समन्ततः ॥७॥

7. nakulastu tathetyuktvā śīghramāruhya pādapam ,
abravīdbhrātaraṁ jyeṣṭhamabhivīkṣya samantataḥ.

7. nakulaḥ tu tathā iti uktvā śīghram āruhya pādapam
abravīt bhrātaram jyeṣṭham abhivīkṣya samantataḥ

7. Nakula, having said "So be it," quickly climbed a tree. After looking all around, he then spoke to his elder brother.

Words meanings summery:

• नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तथा (tathā) - "so be it" (referring to an affirmative response) (thus, so, in that manner, "so be it")

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly, soon

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having climbed, having ascended

• पादपम् (pādapam) - tree

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - elder (referring to his elder brother Yudhiṣṭhira) (elder, eldest, greatest)

• अभिवीक्ष्य (abhivīkṣya) - having looked around, having observed

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around, on all sides

Words meanings and morphology

नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - name of a Pāṇḍava, a mongoose

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - "so be it" (referring to an affirmative response) (thus, so, in that manner, "so be it")

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Formed from root √vac (to speak) + suffix -tvā. The root √vac undergoes samprasāraṇa (vac -> uc) and vṛddhi (uc -> ok) when forming participles like ukta or gerunds like uktvā.

Root: √vac (class 2)

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly, soon

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having climbed, having ascended

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Formed from prefix ā- + root √ruh (to climb) + suffix -ya (for absolutive with upasarga).

Prefix: ā

Root: √ruh (class 1)

पादपम् (pādapam) - tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pādapa

pādapa - tree (lit. "drinking with feet")

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāda+pa)

• pāda – foot
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinking, protecting
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root √pā (to drink/protect).
  Root: √pā (class 1)

Note: Object of āruhya.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

past imperfect active

3rd person singular, augment 'a' + root √brū.

Root: √brū (class 2)

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of abravīt.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - elder (referring to his elder brother Yudhiṣṭhira) (elder, eldest, greatest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, best, principal

Superlative form of vṛddha (old).

अभिवीक्ष्य (abhivīkṣya) - having looked around, having observed

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Formed from prefix abhi- + prefix vi- + root √īkṣ (to see) + suffix -ya (for absolutive with upasarga).

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: √īkṣ (class 1)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around, on all sides

(indeclinable)

Formed from samanta (all-surrounding) + suffix -tas (indicating "from all sides" or "all around").