महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-296, verse-3

अर्जुन उवाच ।
वाचस्तीक्ष्णास्थिभेदिन्यः सूतपुत्रेण भाषिताः ।
अतितीक्ष्णा मया क्षान्तास्तेन प्राप्ताः स्म संशयम् ॥३॥

3. arjuna uvāca ,
vācastīkṣṇāsthibhedinyaḥ sūtaputreṇa bhāṣitāḥ ,
atitīkṣṇā mayā kṣāntāstena prāptāḥ sma saṁśayam.

3. arjuna uvāca vācaḥ tīkṣṇā-asthi-bhedinyaḥ sūta-putreṇa
bhāṣitāḥ ati-tīkṣṇā mayā kṣāntāḥ tena prāptāḥ sma saṃśayam

3. Arjuna said: "The sharp, bone-piercing words spoken by the son of the charioteer (Karṇa), though exceedingly harsh, were endured by me. Because of that endurance, we have fallen into this perilous uncertainty."

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna, the third of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Arjuna)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Arjuna said (he spoke, he said)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - harsh words (words, speeches)

• तीक्ष्णा-अस्थि-भेदिन्यः (tīkṣṇā-asthi-bhedinyaḥ) - words that are sharp and pierce bones (bone-piercingly sharp, sharp and bone-breaking)

• सूत-पुत्रेण (sūta-putreṇa) - by Karṇa (who was raised by a charioteer) (by the son of a charioteer)

• भाषिताः (bhāṣitāḥ) - the words spoken (spoken, said)

• अति-तीक्ष्णा (ati-tīkṣṇā) - the words were extremely harsh (exceedingly sharp, very harsh)

• मया (mayā) - by Arjuna (by me)

• क्षान्ताः (kṣāntāḥ) - the words were endured (endured, tolerated)

• तेन (tena) - because of that tolerance/endurance (by that, therefore, because of that)

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - we have reached, we have fallen into (reached, obtained, attained)

• स्म (sma) - we have become/are now (indeed, certainly; particle used with present tense verb to indicate past action)

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - a state of peril or dangerous uncertainty (doubt, uncertainty, peril)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna, the third of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear; Arjuna (name of a hero)

उवाच (uvāca) - Arjuna said (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

वाचः (vācaḥ) - harsh words (words, speeches)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

तीक्ष्णा-अस्थि-भेदिन्यः (tīkṣṇā-asthi-bhedinyaḥ) - words that are sharp and pierce bones (bone-piercingly sharp, sharp and bone-breaking)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tīkṣṇāsthibhedin

tīkṣṇāsthibhedin - sharp and bone-piercing

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tīkṣṇa+asthi+bhedin)

• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, pungent
  adjective (masculine)
• asthi – bone
  noun (neuter)
• bhedin – breaking, piercing, splitting
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root bhid (to break) with -in suffix.
  Root: bhid (class 7)

सूत-पुत्रेण (sūta-putreṇa) - by Karṇa (who was raised by a charioteer) (by the son of a charioteer)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

भाषिताः (bhāṣitāḥ) - the words spoken (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said

Past Passive Participle

From root bhāṣ (to speak)

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying 'vācaḥ'.

अति-तीक्ष्णा (ati-tīkṣṇā) - the words were extremely harsh (exceedingly sharp, very harsh)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of atitīkṣṇa

atitīkṣṇa - exceedingly sharp, very keen

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+tīkṣṇa)

• ati – over, beyond, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, pungent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with vācaḥ.

मया (mayā) - by Arjuna (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

क्षान्ताः (kṣāntāḥ) - the words were endured (endured, tolerated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṣānta

kṣānta - endured, tolerated, patient

Past Passive Participle

From root kṣam (to endure, be patient)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying 'vācaḥ'.

तेन (tena) - because of that tolerance/endurance (by that, therefore, because of that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the act of enduring the harsh words.

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - we have reached, we have fallen into (reached, obtained, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, arrived at, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

स्म (sma) - we have become/are now (indeed, certainly; particle used with present tense verb to indicate past action)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions with prāptāḥ to mean 'we have reached'.

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - a state of peril or dangerous uncertainty (doubt, uncertainty, peril)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, danger, peril

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Object of 'prāptāḥ'.