महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-296, verse-31

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
स त्वमोघानिषून्मुक्त्वा तृष्णयाभिप्रपीडितः ।
अविज्ञायैव तान्प्रश्नान्पीत्वैव निपपात ह ॥३१॥

31. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sa tvamoghāniṣūnmuktvā tṛṣṇayābhiprapīḍitaḥ ,
avijñāyaiva tānpraśnānpītvaiva nipapāta ha.

31. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca sa tu amogha-iṣūn muktvā tṛṣṇayā
abhiprapīḍitaḥ avijñāya eva tān praśnān pītvā eva nipapāta ha

31. Vaiśampāyana said: But he, having released unfailing arrows, afflicted by thirst, fell down after merely drinking the water, without understanding those questions.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स (sa) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• अमोघ-इषून् (amogha-iṣūn) - unfailing arrows

• मुक्त्वा (muktvā) - having released, having let go, having shot

• तृष्णया (tṛṣṇayā) - by thirst, due to craving/desire

• अभिप्रपीडितः (abhiprapīḍitaḥ) - greatly afflicted, intensely tormented

• अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without understanding, not having known

• एव (eva) - merely, only, indeed, just

• तान् (tān) - those

• प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

• पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk

• एव (eva) - merely, only, indeed, just

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down, descended

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, student of Vyāsa.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

From root vac (2nd class, Ātmanepada, but here Parasmaipada form in perfect)

Root: vac (class 2)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

अमोघ-इषून् (amogha-iṣūn) - unfailing arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amogha-iṣu

amogha-iṣu - unfailing arrows

Compound type : karmadhāraya (amogha+iṣu)

• amogha – unfailing, infallible, unerring, effective
  adjective (masculine)
  Negation 'a' + mogha (futile)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

मुक्त्वा (muktvā) - having released, having let go, having shot

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root muc (6th class).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Expresses prior action.

तृष्णया (tṛṣṇayā) - by thirst, due to craving/desire

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tṛṣṇā

tṛṣṇā - thirst, craving, desire

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

अभिप्रपीडितः (abhiprapīḍitaḥ) - greatly afflicted, intensely tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhiprapīḍita

abhiprapīḍita - greatly afflicted, oppressed, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From root pīḍ (10th class 'pīḍayati' - to torment, afflict) with upasargas 'abhi' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe the subject.

अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without understanding, not having known

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after prefix 'vi', here negated with 'a-'. Root 'jñā' (9th class).

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

एव (eva) - merely, only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry, problem

From root 'prach' (to ask) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: prach (class 6)

पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root pā (1st class).

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Expresses prior action.

एव (eva) - merely, only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down, descended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of pat

Perfect active

From root pat (1st class) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)