महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-296, verse-4

सहदेव उवाच ।
शकुनिस्त्वां यदाजैषीदक्षद्यूतेन भारत ।
स मया न हतस्तत्र तेन प्राप्ताः स्म संशयम् ॥४॥

4. sahadeva uvāca ,
śakunistvāṁ yadājaiṣīdakṣadyūtena bhārata ,
sa mayā na hatastatra tena prāptāḥ sma saṁśayam.

4. sahadeva uvāca śakuniḥ tvām yadā ajaiṣīt akṣa-dyūtena
bhārata saḥ mayā na hataḥ tatra tena prāptāḥ sma saṃśayam

4. Sahadeva said: "O descendant of Bharata (Yudhiṣṭhira), when Śakuni defeated you through the dice game, he was not slain by me then. Because of that (failure to kill him), we have fallen into this perilous uncertainty."

Words meanings summery:

• सहदेव (sahadeva) - Sahadeva, the youngest of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Sahadeva)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Sahadeva said (he spoke, he said)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning in dice (Śakuni)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you, O Yudhiṣṭhira (you (accusative singular))

• यदा (yadā) - when Śakuni defeated you (when, at which time)

• अजैषीत् (ajaiṣīt) - Śakuni defeated you (he conquered, he defeated, he won)

• अक्ष-द्यूतेन (akṣa-dyūtena) - by means of the game of dice (by the dice game)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (as a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata)

• सः (saḥ) - he, Śakuni (he, that)

• मया (mayā) - by Sahadeva (by me)

• न (na) - not killed (not)

• हतः (hataḥ) - Śakuni was not killed (killed, slain, struck)

• तत्र (tatra) - at that time (of the dice game) (there, then, in that place/circumstance)

• तेन (tena) - because of Sahadeva's failure to kill Śakuni (by that, therefore, because of that)

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - we have reached, we have fallen into (reached, obtained, attained)

• स्म (sma) - we have become/are now (indeed, certainly; particle used with present tense verb to indicate past action)

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - a state of peril or dangerous uncertainty (doubt, uncertainty, peril)

Words meanings and morphology

सहदेव (sahadeva) - Sahadeva, the youngest of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Sahadeva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - with the gods; Sahadeva (name of a hero)

उवाच (uvāca) - Sahadeva said (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning in dice (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird; Śakuni (name of a person)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you, O Yudhiṣṭhira (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Object of ajaiṣīt.

यदा (yadā) - when Śakuni defeated you (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अजैषीत् (ajaiṣīt) - Śakuni defeated you (he conquered, he defeated, he won)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of ji

Aorist Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: ji (class 1)

अक्ष-द्यूतेन (akṣa-dyūtena) - by means of the game of dice (by the dice game)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of akṣadyūta

akṣadyūta - dice game, game of dice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akṣa+dyūta)

• akṣa – die (for gambling), cube, pivot
  noun (masculine)
• dyūta – gambling, game of dice
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (originally)
  From root div (to play)
  Root: div (class 4)

भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (as a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India

Patronymic from Bharata

सः (saḥ) - he, Śakuni (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Śakuni.

मया (mayā) - by Sahadeva (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

न (na) - not killed (not)

(indeclinable)

हतः (hataḥ) - Śakuni was not killed (killed, slain, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with saḥ (Śakuni).

तत्र (tatra) - at that time (of the dice game) (there, then, in that place/circumstance)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - because of Sahadeva's failure to kill Śakuni (by that, therefore, because of that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the action of 'na hataḥ'.

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - we have reached, we have fallen into (reached, obtained, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, arrived at, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

स्म (sma) - we have become/are now (indeed, certainly; particle used with present tense verb to indicate past action)

(indeclinable)

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - a state of peril or dangerous uncertainty (doubt, uncertainty, peril)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, danger, peril

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)