महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-296, verse-18

मा तात साहसं कार्षीर्मम पूर्वपरिग्रहः ।
प्रश्नानुक्त्वा यथाकामं ततः पिब हरस्व च ॥१८॥

18. mā tāta sāhasaṁ kārṣīrmama pūrvaparigrahaḥ ,
praśnānuktvā yathākāmaṁ tataḥ piba harasva ca.

18. mā tāta sāhasaṃ kārṣīḥ mama pūrvaparigrahaḥ |
praśnān uktvā yathākāmaṃ tataḥ piba harasva ca

18. Dear son, do not act rashly! This water is my prior possession. After you have answered the questions as I desire, then you may drink and take it.

Words meanings summery:

• मा (mā) - (prohibitive particle) (do not, not)

• तात (tāta) - dear, beloved

• साहसं (sāhasaṁ) - rashness, violence, audacity

• कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - do not undertake (a rash act) (you should do, you should make, you should undertake)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• पूर्वपरिग्रहः (pūrvaparigrahaḥ) - This water is my prior possession / already claimed by me. (prior possession, previously occupied, taken beforehand)

• प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - (here: having answered) (having said, having spoken)

• यथाकामं (yathākāmaṁ) - (as I desire, i.e., properly) (according to desire, as desired, as much as one desires)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• पिब (piba) - drink!

• हरस्व (harasva) - take!, seize!

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

मा (mā) - (prohibitive particle) (do not, not)

(indeclinable)

तात (tāta) - dear, beloved

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father; dear one, beloved; son (when used by elders)

साहसं (sāhasaṁ) - rashness, violence, audacity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - rashness, violence, audacity, daring act

कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - do not undertake (a rash act) (you should do, you should make, you should undertake)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (injunctive) (luṅ) of √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Represents the injunctive use of the aorist, equivalent to a strong imperative prohibition.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Possessive pronoun.

पूर्वपरिग्रहः (pūrvaparigrahaḥ) - This water is my prior possession / already claimed by me. (prior possession, previously occupied, taken beforehand)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrvaparigraha

pūrvaparigraha - prior possession, previously appropriated

Compound of pūrva (previous) and parigraha (taking possession, acquisition).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+parigraha)

• pūrva – before, prior, former, eastern
  adjective (masculine)
• parigraha – taking, seizing, appropriation, possession, acceptance
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root grah (to seize, take) with upasarga pari.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Acts as predicate nominative; 'This (water) is my prior possession'.

प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry

From root prach (to ask)

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Object of uktvā.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - (here: having answered) (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (indeclinable participle)

Formed from root vac with suffix -tvā. Initial v -> u.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Acts as an indeclinable participle.

यथाकामं (yathākāmaṁ) - (as I desire, i.e., properly) (according to desire, as desired, as much as one desires)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound of yathā (as) and kāma (desire).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+kāma)

• yathā – as, according to, in proportion to
  indeclinable
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Modifies uktvā.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

पिब (piba) - drink!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √pā

Root: pā (class 1)

हरस्व (harasva) - take!, seize!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √hṛ

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: In context, 'take' implies taking the water.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)