महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-296, verse-5

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा नकुलं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
आरुह्य वृक्षं माद्रेय निरीक्षस्व दिशो दश ॥५॥

5. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā nakulaṁ vākyamabravīt ,
āruhya vṛkṣaṁ mādreya nirīkṣasva diśo daśa.

5. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājā nakulam vākyam
abravīt āruhya vṛkṣam mādreya nirīkṣasva diśaḥ daśa

5. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "Then King Yudhiṣṭhira spoke these words to Nakula: 'Ascend a tree, O son of Mādrī, and look in the ten directions.'"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampayana, the sage narrating the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya (Vaiśampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśampayana said (he spoke, he said)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, following the previous discussion (then, thence, afterwards)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava, known for his adherence to dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula, one of the youngest Pāṇḍava brothers (Nakula)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the instruction or words spoken (word, speech, sentence)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Yudhiṣṭhira spoke (to Nakula) (he spoke, he said)

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having climbed a tree (having ascended, having climbed)

• वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - a tree (to climb) (tree)

• माद्रेय (mādreya) - O Nakula (as son of Mādrī) (O son of Mādrī)

• निरीक्षस्व (nirīkṣasva) - look carefully, search (look, observe, perceive)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - the cardinal directions (directions)

• दश (daśa) - the ten directions (cardinal and intermediate, plus up and down) (ten)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampayana, the sage narrating the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya (Vaiśampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśampayana said (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, following the previous discussion (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava, known for his adherence to dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle; Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a hero)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula, one of the youngest Pāṇḍava brothers (Nakula)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - a mongoose; Nakula (name of a hero)

Note: Object of abravīt.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the instruction or words spoken (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Yudhiṣṭhira spoke (to Nakula) (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Imperfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having climbed a tree (having ascended, having climbed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root ruh with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - a tree (to climb) (tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Object of āruhya.

माद्रेय (mādreya) - O Nakula (as son of Mādrī) (O son of Mādrī)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādreya

mādreya - son of Mādrī

Patronymic from Mādrī

निरीक्षस्व (nirīkṣasva) - look carefully, search (look, observe, perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of īkṣ

Imperative Middle Indicative

2nd person singular, from root īkṣ with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - the cardinal directions (directions)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of nirīkṣasva.

दश (daśa) - the ten directions (cardinal and intermediate, plus up and down) (ten)

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies diśaḥ.