महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-197, verse-6

अकार्यं कृतवानस्मि रागद्वेषबलात्कृतः ।
इत्युक्त्वा बहुशो विद्वान्ग्रामं भैक्षाय संश्रितः ॥६॥

6. akāryaṁ kṛtavānasmi rāgadveṣabalātkṛtaḥ ,
ityuktvā bahuśo vidvāngrāmaṁ bhaikṣāya saṁśritaḥ.

6. akāryam kṛtavān asmi rāgadveṣabalātkṛtaḥ iti
uktvā bahuśaḥ vidvān grāmam bhaikṣāya saṃśritaḥ

6. "I have committed an improper act, compelled by passion and hatred." Having said this repeatedly, the wise (Brahmin) resorted to the village for alms.

Words meanings summery:

• अकार्यम् (akāryam) - improper act, wrong deed, that which ought not to be done

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - has done, one who has done

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• रागद्वेषबलात्कृतः (rāgadveṣabalātkṛtaḥ) - compelled by passion and hatred, forced by attachment and aversion

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (introduces direct speech)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, many times

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - the Brahmin (the wise man, scholar)

• ग्रामम् (grāmam) - to the village

• भैक्षाय (bhaikṣāya) - for alms, for begging

• संश्रितः (saṁśritaḥ) - resorted to, approached, sought refuge in

Words meanings and morphology

अकार्यम् (akāryam) - improper act, wrong deed, that which ought not to be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akārya

akārya - improper, unseemly, that which should not be done

Gerundive (N. of necessity) with negative 'a'

Compound of 'a' (negative) and kārya (to be done, duty).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kārya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kārya – to be done, duty, action
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as a noun here.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - has done, one who has done

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, having performed

Past Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ with suffix -vat.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active

Root: as (class 2)

रागद्वेषबलात्कृतः (rāgadveṣabalātkṛtaḥ) - compelled by passion and hatred, forced by attachment and aversion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāgadveṣabalātkṛta

rāgadveṣabalātkṛta - compelled by attachment and aversion, overpowered by desire and hatred

Past Passive Participle (kṛta) preceded by instrumental compound

Compound of rāga (passion/attachment), dveṣa (hatred/aversion), and balāt-kṛta (compelled/forced). rāgadveṣa is a dvandva compound. rāgadveṣabalāt is an instrumental tatpuruṣa or similar, indicating 'by force of passion and hatred'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāgadveṣa+balāt+kṛta)

• rāgadveṣa – passion and hatred, attachment and aversion
  noun (masculine)
  Dvandva compound
• rāga – passion, attachment, affection, color
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• dveṣa – hatred, aversion, dislike
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)
• balāt – by force, forcibly
  indeclinable
  Ablative form of bala, used adverbially.
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The kṛta acts as the main participle, while rāgadveṣabalāt modifies it, indicating the cause of being compelled.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (introduces direct speech)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, many times

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of bahu.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - the Brahmin (the wise man, scholar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - wise, learned, knowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to the Brahmin.

ग्रामम् (grāmam) - to the village

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, community

भैक्षाय (bhaikṣāya) - for alms, for begging

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa

bhaikṣa - alms, mendicancy, begging

Derived from bhikṣā (alms) or bhikṣ (to beg).

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

Note: Denotes purpose.

संश्रितः (saṁśritaḥ) - resorted to, approached, sought refuge in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśrita

saṁśrita - resorted to, depended on, taken refuge in

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śri with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Here used actively to mean 'he resorted to'.