महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-197, verse-38

धनं तु ब्राह्मणस्याहुः स्वाध्यायं दममार्जवम् ।
इन्द्रियाणां निग्रहं च शाश्वतं द्विजसत्तम ।
सत्यार्जवे धर्ममाहुः परं धर्मविदो जनाः ॥३८॥

38. dhanaṁ tu brāhmaṇasyāhuḥ svādhyāyaṁ damamārjavam ,
indriyāṇāṁ nigrahaṁ ca śāśvataṁ dvijasattama ,
satyārjave dharmamāhuḥ paraṁ dharmavido janāḥ.

38. dhanam tu brāhmaṇasya āhuḥ svādhyāyam
damam ārjavam indriyāṇām nigraham
ca śāśvatam dvijasattama satyārjave
dharmam āhuḥ param dharmavidaḥ janāḥ

38. Indeed, they declare the wealth of a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) to be self-study (svādhyāya), self-control, integrity, and eternal restraint of the senses, O best of twice-born ones (dvija). People who know the natural law (dharma) declare the supreme natural law (dharma) to be found in truth and integrity.

Words meanings summery:

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brahmin (brāhmaṇa)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study (svādhyāya), recitation of sacred texts

• दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint

• आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - integrity, straightforwardness, honesty

• इन्द्रियाणाम् (indriyāṇām) - of the senses

• च (ca) - and

• शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal, perpetual, constant

• द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best of twice-born ones (dvija)

• सत्यार्जवे (satyārjave) - in truth and integrity

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), constitution, duty

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of natural law (dharma)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people

Words meanings and morphology

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brahmin (brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, related to Brahman

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect tense 3rd plural of root ah

Root: ah (class 2)

स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study (svādhyāya), recitation of sacred texts

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of sacred texts

Compound of sva (self) and adhyāya (study)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – self, own
  pronoun
• adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  From root i (to go) with prefix adhi-
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, subjugation, taming

From root dam (to tame, control)

Root: dam (class 4)

आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - integrity, straightforwardness, honesty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ārjava

ārjava - straightness, sincerity, integrity

Derived from ṛju (straight)

इन्द्रियाणाम् (indriyāṇām) - of the senses

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense organ, faculty, power

Related to Indra

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal, perpetual, constant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant

Note: Agrees with nigraha in gender, number, and case.

द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best of twice-born ones (dvija)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best among the twice-born

Compound of dvija (twice-born) and sattama (superlative of sat, best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya; also bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of sat (good, existing)

सत्यार्जवे (satyārjave) - in truth and integrity

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of satyārjava

satyārjava - truth and integrity, honesty and straightness

Dvandva compound of satya (truth) and ārjava (integrity)

Compound type : dvandva (satya+ārjava)

• satya – truth
  noun (neuter)
• ārjava – integrity, straightforwardness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Treating as locative singular of the compound 'satyārjava'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), constitution, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect tense 3rd plural of root ah

Root: ah (class 2)

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

Note: Agrees with dharma.

धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of dharma

Compound of dharma (natural law) and vid (knowing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, duty
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, wise (from root vid)
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man