महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-197, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
कश्चिद्द्विजातिप्रवरो वेदाध्यायी तपोधनः ।
तपस्वी धर्मशीलश्च कौशिको नाम भारत ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
kaściddvijātipravaro vedādhyāyī tapodhanaḥ ,
tapasvī dharmaśīlaśca kauśiko nāma bhārata.

1. Mārkaṇḍeya uvāca | kaścit dvijātipravaraḥ vedādhyāyī
tapodhanaḥ | tapasvī dharmaśīlaḥ ca kauśikaḥ nāma bhārata

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: "O Bhārata, there was once a certain excellent Brahmin (dvijātipravara) named Kauśika, who was devoted to Vedic studies, whose wealth was asceticism (tapas), and who was a spiritual ascetic (tapasvin) and virtuous (dharmaśīla)."

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Mārkaṇḍeya (the sage who is narrating) (Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain (someone, a certain)

• द्विजातिप्रवरः (dvijātipravaraḥ) - an excellent Brahmin (chief among the twice-born, excellent Brahmin)

• वेदाध्यायी (vedādhyāyī) - devoted to Vedic studies (one who studies the Vedas, a student of the Vedas)

• तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - whose wealth was asceticism (tapas) (one whose wealth is asceticism, rich in asceticism)

• तपस्वी (tapasvī) - a spiritual ascetic (tapasvin) (ascetic, engaged in penance)

• धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - virtuous (dharmaśīla) (virtuous, righteous, of a religious nature)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - named Kauśika (Kauśika (name of a sage))

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, indeed, truly)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing the listener) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Mārkaṇḍeya (the sage who is narrating) (Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Mārkaṇḍeya

Mārkaṇḍeya - Name of a revered sage

Son of Mṛkaṇḍu

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular active parasmaipada of root vac. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain (someone, a certain)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, a certain person

Indefinite pronoun, combination of kim + cid. Nominative singular masculine.

Note: Base form of kaścid due to sandhi before 'dvijātipravaraḥ'.

द्विजातिप्रवरः (dvijātipravaraḥ) - an excellent Brahmin (chief among the twice-born, excellent Brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijātipravara

dvijātipravara - best among the twice-born; chief of brahmins

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvijāti+pravara)

• dvijāti – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya); a bird; a tooth
  noun (masculine)
  from dvi (two) + jāti (birth/born)
• pravara – best, chief, excellent, principal
  adjective (masculine)
  from pra + vṛ (to choose)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

वेदाध्यायी (vedādhyāyī) - devoted to Vedic studies (one who studies the Vedas, a student of the Vedas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vedādhyāyin

vedādhyāyin - one who studies the Vedas

Compound: Veda + adhyāyin. Adhyāyin is from adhi-i (to study)

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+adhyāyin)

• veda – sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• adhyāyin – studying, learning
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From adhi + i (to go, study). Agent noun from root i with prefix adhi.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - whose wealth was asceticism (tapas) (one whose wealth is asceticism, rich in asceticism)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is asceticism or penance

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – heat, asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity
  noun (neuter)
  from root tap (to heat)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - a spiritual ascetic (tapasvin) (ascetic, engaged in penance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - one who performs asceticism, ascetic, devotee

from tapas with -vin suffix

धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - virtuous (dharmaśīla) (virtuous, righteous, of a religious nature)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaśīla

dharmaśīla - righteous, virtuous, observing religious laws (dharma)

Compound: dharma (natural law) + śīla (nature, disposition)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+śīla)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  from root dhṛ (to uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śīla – nature, disposition, character, habit
  noun (neuter)
  from root śīl (to meditate, practice)
  Root: śīl (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - named Kauśika (Kauśika (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - descendant of Kuśika; name of a sage (Viśvāmitra); here, a specific Brahmin's name

Patronymic from Kuśika

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, indeed, truly)

(indeclinable)

In this context, it functions as an indeclinable meaning 'by name'.

Note: Often used as an indeclinable to mean 'namely', 'by name'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing the listener) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; an Indian

Vocative singular masculine of Bhārata.