महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-197, verse-44

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
तया विसृष्टो निर्गम्य स्वमेव भवनं ययौ ।
विनिन्दन्स द्विजोऽऽत्मानं कौशिको नरसत्तम ॥४४॥

44. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
tayā visṛṣṭo nirgamya svameva bhavanaṁ yayau ,
vinindansa dvijo''tmānaṁ kauśiko narasattama.

44. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca tayā visṛṣṭaḥ nirgamya svam eva bhavanam
yayau vinindan saḥ dvijaḥ ātmānam kauśikaḥ narasattama

44. Mārkaṇḍeya said: 'Dismissed by her, that brahmin (dvija) Kauśika departed, returning to his own dwelling. O best among men (narasattama), he was blaming himself.'

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• तया (tayā) - by her

• विसृष्टः (visṛṣṭaḥ) - dismissed (dismissed, released, sent forth)

• निर्गम्य (nirgamya) - having gone out, having departed

• स्वम् (svam) - his own

• एव (eva) - own (emphasizing ownership) (only, indeed, very)

• भवनम् (bhavanam) - dwelling, abode, house

• ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

• विनिन्दन् (vinindan) - blaming (himself) (blaming, reproaching)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - brahmin (dvija) (brahmin, twice-born)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (self, oneself)

• कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kauśika (referring to the brahmin) (Kauśika (name of a sage, here referring to Viśvāmitra))

• नरसत्तम (narasattama) - O best among men

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a famous sage)

Descendant of Mṛkaṇḍu.

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

From √vac (to speak), perfect 3rd singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

तया (tayā) - by her

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (3rd person pronoun)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'visṛṣṭaḥ'. Refers to the woman from the previous verse.

विसृष्टः (visṛṣṭaḥ) - dismissed (dismissed, released, sent forth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of visṛṣṭa

visṛṣṭa - dismissed, released, sent forth, created

Past Passive Participle

From vi-√sṛj (to let go, dismiss).

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the brahmin (Kauśika).

निर्गम्य (nirgamya) - having gone out, having departed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From nir-√gam (to go out, depart) + lyp suffix.

Prefix: nir

Root: gam (class 1)

स्वम् (svam) - his own

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self

Note: Modifying 'bhavanam'.

एव (eva) - own (emphasizing ownership) (only, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

भवनम् (bhavanam) - dwelling, abode, house

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhavana

bhavana - dwelling, house, abode, building

From √bhū (to be, exist) + ana suffix.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of implied motion from 'yayau'.

ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense

From √yā (to go), perfect 3rd singular active.

Root: yā (class 2)

विनिन्दन् (vinindan) - blaming (himself) (blaming, reproaching)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinindat

vinindat - blaming, reproaching, censuring

Present Active Participle

From vi-√nid (to blame, censure) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: nid (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the brahmin, describing his state while acting.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'dvijaḥ Kauśikaḥ'.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - brahmin (dvija) (brahmin, twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; bird, tooth)

From 'dvi' (two) + √jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Identifies the subject.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (self, oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Object of 'vinindan'.

कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kauśika (referring to the brahmin) (Kauśika (name of a sage, here referring to Viśvāmitra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - belonging to the Kuśika family, a descendant of Kuśika (often refers to Viśvāmitra)

Patronymic from Kuśika.

Note: Identifies the brahmin ('dvija').

नरसत्तम (narasattama) - O best among men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narasattama

narasattama - best among men, noblest of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+sattama)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'sat' (good, existent).

Note: Addressing the listener/narratee (Mārkaṇḍeya addressing another sage).