महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-197, verse-4

तामवेक्ष्य ततः क्रुद्धः समपध्यायत द्विजः ।
भृशं क्रोधाभिभूतेन बलाका सा निरीक्षिता ॥४॥

4. tāmavekṣya tataḥ kruddhaḥ samapadhyāyata dvijaḥ ,
bhṛśaṁ krodhābhibhūtena balākā sā nirīkṣitā.

4. tām avekṣya tataḥ kruddhaḥ samapadhyāyata dvijaḥ
| bhṛśam krodhābhibhūtena balākā sā nirīkṣitā

4. Having seen her, the Brahmin then became enraged and intensely concentrated (on her, implying a curse). Overwhelmed by great anger (krodhābhibhūta), that crane (balākā) was stared at by him.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - her (the crane) (her, that (feminine))

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having looked at)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - became enraged (angered, enraged)

• समपध्यायत (samapadhyāyata) - intensely concentrated (on her, implying a curse) (he meditated upon, he thought intently, he cursed)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the Brahmin (Brahmin, twice-born)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly, strongly)

• क्रोधाभिभूतेन (krodhābhibhūtena) - by him who was overwhelmed by great anger (krodhābhibhūta) (by one overwhelmed by anger)

• बलाका (balākā) - that crane (balākā) (a crane)

• सा (sā) - that (crane) (she, that (feminine))

• निरीक्षिता (nirīkṣitā) - was stared at (looked at, seen, observed)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - her (the crane) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative singular feminine of the pronoun tad.

Note: Refers to the balākā.

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having looked at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive (gerund) of root īkṣ (to see) with prefix ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - became enraged (angered, enraged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angered, wrathful, enraged

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle (nominative singular masculine) of root krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'dvijaḥ'.

समपध्यायत (samapadhyāyata) - intensely concentrated (on her, implying a curse) (he meditated upon, he thought intently, he cursed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-apa-dhyai

Imperfect Middle

Imperfect 3rd person singular middle (ātmanepada) of root dhyai (to meditate, think) with prefixes sam and apa.

Prefixes: sam+apa

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: The context of anger and the following verse implies a curse or a powerful, destructive thought.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the Brahmin (Brahmin, twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya); a bird; a tooth

Nominative singular masculine of dvija.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Kauśika.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly, strongly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use.

Note: Base form of bhṛśaṃ due to sandhi before 'krodhābhibhūtena'.

क्रोधाभिभूतेन (krodhābhibhūtena) - by him who was overwhelmed by great anger (krodhābhibhūta) (by one overwhelmed by anger)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krodhābhibhūta

krodhābhibhūta - overwhelmed by anger, overcome by wrath

Past Passive Participle

Compound: krodha (anger) + abhibhūta (overwhelmed). Abhibhūta is PPP of abhi-bhū (to overcome). Instrumental singular masculine.

Compound type : tatpurusha (krodha+abhibhūta)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  from root krudh (to be angry)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• abhibhūta – overcome, defeated, overwhelmed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root bhū (to be) with prefix abhi.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Brahmin.

बलाका (balākā) - that crane (balākā) (a crane)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of balākā

balākā - a crane (bird)

Nominative singular feminine of balākā.

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'nirīkṣitā'.

सा (sā) - that (crane) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular feminine of the pronoun tad.

Note: Emphasizes 'balākā'.

निरीक्षिता (nirīkṣitā) - was stared at (looked at, seen, observed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirīkṣita

nirīkṣita - looked at, observed, seen, stared at

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle (nominative singular feminine) of root īkṣ (to see) with prefix nir.

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb in the second half of the verse, with the agent in instrumental (krodhābhibhūtena).