महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-197, verse-22

इन्द्रोऽप्येषां प्रणमते किं पुनर्मानुषा भुवि ।
अवलिप्ते न जानीषे वृद्धानां न श्रुतं त्वया ।
ब्राह्मणा ह्यग्निसदृशा दहेयुः पृथिवीमपि ॥२२॥

22. indro'pyeṣāṁ praṇamate kiṁ punarmānuṣā bhuvi ,
avalipte na jānīṣe vṛddhānāṁ na śrutaṁ tvayā ,
brāhmaṇā hyagnisadṛśā daheyuḥ pṛthivīmapi.

22. indraḥ api eṣām praṇamate kim punaḥ
mānuṣāḥ bhuvi avalipte na jānīṣe
vṛddhānām na śrutam tvayā brāhmaṇāḥ
hi agnisadṛśāḥ daheyuḥ pṛthivīm api

22. Even Indra bows to them; how much more, then, should humans on earth? O arrogant one, you neither know this, nor have you heard the wisdom of the elders. Indeed, Brahmins are like fire; they could burn even the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (king of the gods)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, to these

• प्रणमते (praṇamate) - bows down, salutes

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, how much more

• मानुषाः (mānuṣāḥ) - humans, men

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

• अवलिप्ते (avalipte) - O arrogant one, O proud one

• न (na) - not, no

• जानीषे (jānīṣe) - you know

• वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the wise elders (of the elders, of the old ones)

• न (na) - not, no

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - the wisdom (heard from elders) (heard, listened, understood, knowledge)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, learned persons

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अग्निसदृशाः (agnisadṛśāḥ) - like fire, fire-like

• दहेयुः (daheyuḥ) - they might burn, they should burn

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (king of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, king of the gods

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, to these

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of etat

etat - this, these

Note: Can be masculine, feminine or neuter plural genitive

प्रणमते (praṇamate) - bows down, salutes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of praṇam

Present Middle

from root nam (to bow) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, how much more

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used in phrases like 'kim punaḥ' to mean 'how much more'

मानुषाः (mānuṣāḥ) - humans, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man, mortal

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, land, world

अवलिप्ते (avalipte) - O arrogant one, O proud one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of avalipta

avalipta - arrogant, proud, anointed

Past Passive Participle

from root lip (to smear, to anoint) with upasarga ava- (often implying arrogance)

Prefix: ava

Root: lip (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जानीषे (jānīṣe) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Middle

from root jñā (to know) in the 9th class

Root: jñā (class 9)

वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the wise elders (of the elders, of the old ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise, elder

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - the wisdom (heard from elders) (heard, listened, understood, knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, understood, knowledge

Past Passive Participle

from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, learned persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, learned person

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अग्निसदृशाः (agnisadṛśāḥ) - like fire, fire-like

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of agnisadṛśa

agnisadṛśa - fire-like, resembling fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agni+sadṛśa)

• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• sadṛśa – like, similar, resembling
  adjective (masculine)

दहेयुः (daheyuḥ) - they might burn, they should burn

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of dah

Optative Active

from root dah (to burn)

Root: dah (class 1)

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, the world

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)